{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:02:32Z","timestamp":1790906552065,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Due to the high rate of post\u2010operative sepsis and other infectious complications, a routine immunological screening protocol has been initiated since 2015 in our paediatric surgery clinic for all patients admitted with oesophageal atresia (EA) and warrant a delayed definitive treatment. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the immunodeficiencies in EA patients, by comparing them to healthy age\u2010matched controls. As a prospective cohort study, EA patients admitted between 2015 and 2022, who had their definitive operation after the newborn period (&gt;28\u2009days of age) were included. On admission, serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM, lymphocyte subset levels, C3 and C4 levels, specific IgG antibody responses against hepatitis B, hepatitis A, measles, varicella zoster were evaluated. The patients were age\u2010matched with healthy controls to compare the results and followed up until three years of age. If a humoral immunodeficiency was detected, intravenous immunoglobulin treatment was administered before major oesophageal surgery and during follow\u2010up. 31 EA patients (18\u2009M\/13F) with a mean age of 13.3\u2009\u00b1\u20099.0\u2009months were compared with 40 age\u2010matched healthy controls. Mean serum IgG levels were found to be statistically lower than controls in all age groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy (THI) and unclassified syndromic immunodeficiencies (USI) were found to be strikingly high, accounting for 29.0% and 22.5%, respectively, adding up to 51.5% of EA patients. This is the first study evaluating immunodeficiencies in EA patients found in the reviewed literature. More than half of EA patients that required delayed surgery had humoral immunodeficiency, so preoperative screening and immunology referral may improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T05:27:00Z","timestamp":1699853220000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy and unclassified syndromic immunodeficiencies are highly common in oesophageal atresia patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3634-6930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilmican","family":"Ulman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Ege University Faculty of Medicine  Izmir 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