{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:57:04Z","timestamp":1791341824839,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007857","name":"Stiftelsen Konung Gustaf V:s 80-\u00e5rsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007857","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007949","name":"Reumatikerf\u00f6rbundet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Altered composition of B\u2010cell compartments is a known feature in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, deep characterisation of B\u2010cell subsets and their relation to clinical manifestations and disease activity in patients is limited. In this study, we analysed peripheral B\u2010cell subsets phenotype in SLE (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200935) and healthy controls (HCs, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915) by spectral flow cytometry. Disease activity was stratified as inactive (SLEDAI\u20102\u2009K score 0, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092), mild (SLEDAI\u20102\u2009K score 1\u20135, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912), moderate (SLEDAI\u20102\u2009K score 6\u201310, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) or high (SLEDAI\u20102\u2009K\u2009&gt;\u200910, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915). An elevated proportion of activated naive (aNAV), double negative 2 (DN2) and plasmablasts (PB) was observed in patients with high disease activity, compared to other groups of patients and HCs. An upregulation of BTLA was found on both aNAV and DN2 and shifted to lower levels with increasing disease activity. In lupus nephritis (LN) patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921), aNAV B\u2010cells were especially expanded and positively correlated with DN2 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.5, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019) and PB (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.43, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.048). Also, correlation was observed between DN2 and PB (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). Moreover, aNAV frequencies positively correlated with SLEDAI\u20102\u2009K score, and negatively with the complement fractions C3 and C4. Further, aNAV, DN2 and PB were more expanded in association with positive anti\u2010dsDNA antibodies, rather than other antibody specificities (anti\u2010Sm). These data suggest roles of extrafollicular B cells as key players in disease development of LN. Their association with presence of anti\u2010dsDNA antibodies may indicate their value as candidate biomarkers of kidney involvement in SLE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T03:59:01Z","timestamp":1732679941000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association between peripheral activated naive and double negative 2 B\u2010cell subsets and clinical parameters in lupus nephritis patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Kittikorn","family":"Wangriatisak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology Mahidol University  Nakhon Pathom Thailand"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2658-0002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravi Kumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Gr\u00f6nwall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prapaporn","family":"Pisitkun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iva","family":"Gunnarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Medicine Unit Dermatology, Gastroenterology, Rheumatology; Unit of Rheumatology Karolinska University Hospital Solna  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivianne","family":"Malmstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patchanee","family":"Chootong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology Mahidol University  Nakhon Pathom Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6753-7107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Faustini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Medicine Unit Dermatology, Gastroenterology, Rheumatology; 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