{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T16:12:21Z","timestamp":1778170341419,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":180,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The rapid rollout of mRNA\u2010based COVID\u201019 vaccines, including Pfizer\u2010BioNTech's BNT162b2 and Moderna's mRNA\u20101273, has been instrumental in curbing the pandemic, demonstrating high efficacy and safety in the general population. However, concerns regarding neurological adverse effects, particularly in individuals with epilepsy (PWE), warrant scrutiny. Clinical data from case reports, multicenter studies, and meta\u2010analyses (encompassing over 3000 PWE) indicate that most tolerate vaccination well, with seizure worsening in approximately 5% of cases, often transient and lower than post\u2010COVID\u201019 infection rates. Rare severe events, such as status epilepticus, highlight vulnerabilities, though background seizure incidence remains comparable or lower than natural rates. This review examines potential neuroimmune mechanisms linking mRNA vaccination to seizure exacerbation, emphasising immune activation, neuroinflammation, and epileptogenesis. mRNA vaccines utilise lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver spike protein\u2010encoding mRNA, eliciting robust immune responses. Potential triggers for seizures include cytokine storms (e.g., IL\u20101\u03b2, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106), blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) disruption, molecular mimicry with neuronal antigens, and autoantibody production, which may heighten neuronal hyperexcitability in susceptible individuals. Neurological side effects, including Bell's palsy, transverse myelitis, and herpes zoster reactivation, are more prevalent in mRNA platforms, potentially tied to LNP\u2010induced inflammation or cross\u2010reactive immunity. While evidence supports vaccination benefits outweighing risks for PWE, gaps persist in understanding individual predispositions. Future research should prioritise longitudinal studies, EEG monitoring, and AI\u2010driven approaches for personalised risk assessment, mRNA optimisation, and pharmacovigilance. Integrating multi\u2010omics and computational modelling could enhance vaccine safety, ensuring equitable protection for vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.70059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T04:57:07Z","timestamp":1761022627000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring Potential Mechanisms for Epilepsy After\n                    <scp>mRNA COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 Vaccination: An Extremely Rare Side\u2010Effect"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7466-5328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Faisal","family":"Mutee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Alnoor University  Mosul Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulkareem","family":"Shareef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ahl Al Bayt University  Karbala Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Renuka","family":"Jyothi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, School of Sciences JAIN (Deemed to Be University)  Bangalore Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajashree","family":"Panigrahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital Siksha \u2018O\u2019 Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University)  Bhubaneswar Odisha India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vikrant","family":"Abbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Graphic Era Hill University  Dehradun Uttarkhand India"},{"name":"Centre for Promotion of Research Graphic Era Deemed to Be University  Dehradun Uttarakhand India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashish Singh","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Research and Innovation Uttaranchal University  Dehradun Uttarakhand India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Surbhi","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research Impact &amp; Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University  Rajpura Punjab India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bobur","family":"Abduvoyitov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Samarkand State Medical University  Samarkand Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayder Naji","family":"Sameer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collage of Pharmacy National University of Science and Technology  Nasiriyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Yaseen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilgamesh Ahliya University  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zainab H.","family":"Athab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Al\u2010Zahrawi University College  Karbala Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohaned","family":"Adil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy College Al\u2010Farahidi University  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1400472111"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaj2345"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1546298"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1690918"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065944"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vacun.2023.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5578\/mb.20219912"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2023.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2021.1974289"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08971900211009650"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43162-022-00121-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14101049"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","article-title":"Rare Heterogeneous Adverse Events Associated With mRNA\u2010Based COVID\u201019 Vaccines: A Systematic Review","volume":"9","author":"Oueijan R. I.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicines (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107952"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.109070"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","volume-title":"Association of Seizure With COVID\u201019 Vaccines in Persons With Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","author":"Rafati A.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12629"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v9.i24.7218"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108160"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072\u2010022\u201006453\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072\u2010022\u201005956\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10309\u2010023\u201000567\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072\u2010022\u201006100\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108822"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24018\/ejmed.2022.4.6.1534"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.921760"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2023.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2484"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022\u2010057313"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.946644"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879\u2010024\u201010043\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15415"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17390"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.984789"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108808"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3666"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3265"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.805657"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028936"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051342"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803418"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00244-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1269241"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.178"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2012.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-011-0039-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12150"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2008.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2323-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22317"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0451-15.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0315-17.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20171285"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.126337"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.4679"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/861231"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4486-04.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2127"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00628"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01826-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0167-10.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25666"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4415-13.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199908)46:2<263::AID-ANA19>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2025.116677"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00163"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-011-0456-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0217-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016295"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30244-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25216"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2024.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-01191-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2918-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03207-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16002.2"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_14_83_1","first-page":"1843","article-title":"Detection of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens","volume":"323","author":"Wang W.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI137244"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.60361"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19057-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0968-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01030-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-00840-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-020-00703-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101615"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-01227-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01433-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.701501"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00418-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00369-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2021.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573\u2010021\u201000283\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c07197"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.103479"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.12.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0713386"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.617089"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1509379"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children9121858"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1023943"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.960195"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1032574"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1049458"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1434291"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1056272"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_116_1","article-title":"Resilience of Spike\u2010Specific Immunity Induced by COVID\u201019 Vaccines Against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Variants","volume":"10","author":"Ballesteros\u2010Sanabria L.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1042406"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.941923"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1002329"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1404542"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1235053"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.110169"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27674-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1343716"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.105075"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1425374"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.586984"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1291048"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1386586"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1348041"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1394429"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1056525"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001\u2010023\u201000992\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577765"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/poc.4157"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00076-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27251"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RMR.0000000000000287"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-021-01476-9","article-title":"Acute Reduction of Visual Acuity and Visual Field After Pfizer\u2010BioNTech COVID\u201019 Vaccine 2nd Dose: A Case Report","volume":"70","author":"Santovito L. S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflammation Research: Official Journal of the European Histamine Research Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2021.1931969"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000003275"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IMCRJ.S315103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2021-141022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.03.092"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2510012122"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2013.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2017.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c04996"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01163-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01168-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.967226"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-015-0326-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716153"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0774-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI125178"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000161"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-317780"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq171"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa104"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2022.102262"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_14_163_1","first-page":"3144","article-title":"LGI1 Antibodies Alter Kv1.1 and AMPA Receptors Changing Synaptic Excitability, Plasticity and Memory","volume":"141","author":"Petit\u2010Pedrol M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24293"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003713"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12067"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02644.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21917"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577189"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.2.595"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.2.818"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201007433\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15844"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107691"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03803-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEECONF56349.2022.10051886"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro\u20102024\u20100097"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2024.106998"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556\u2010024\u201000238\u20103"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sji.70059","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T05:08:44Z","timestamp":1761109724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/sji.70059"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":180,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/sji.70059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sji.70059","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9475","1365-3083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9475","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70059"}}