{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T05:24:47Z","timestamp":1763961887242,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018847","name":"Sel\u00e7uk University Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24401102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24401102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    X\u2010linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is caused by Bruton tyrosine kinase gene mutations, leading to B\u2010cell deficiency. This study aimed to investigate myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) frequency, lymphocyte apoptosis and clinical significance in patients with XLA. The study comprised 46 paediatric (mean age: 9.9\u2009\u00b1\u20094.8\u2009years) and 21 adult patients (24.6\u2009\u00b1\u20095.9\u2009years). Total MDSCs (HLA\u2010DR\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD33\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD11b\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) were subdivided into CD15\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    polymorphonuclear (PMN\u2010MDSCs) and CD14\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    monocytic (M\u2010MDSCs) and analysed by flow cytometry. The paediatric XLA patients had increased M\u2010MDSCs and early apoptotic lymphocyte frequency compared to healthy subjects. The mean diagnostic delay was positively correlated with early apoptotic CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cells. Seventeen patients (14 adults and 3 children) had bronchiectasis. PMN\u2010MDSCs were higher in adult patients than in paediatric patients. Increased PMN\u2010MDSCs in adults with XLA suggest the presence of chronic inflammation in patients with bronchiectasis. The study findings broaden understanding of XLA's complex immunopathology and highlight the need for more comprehensive immune monitoring of these patients beyond antibody production.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.70063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T04:16:23Z","timestamp":1762748183000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Expansion of Myeloid\u2010Derived Suppressor Cells and Lymphocyte Apoptosis Beyond B\u2010Cell Deficiency in X\u2010Linked Agammaglobulinemia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Ayca","family":"Ceylan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3812-9654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilknur","family":"Kulhas Celik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sevgi","family":"Keles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1100-4117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Figen","family":"Celebi Celik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics Dr. Behcet Uz Pediatric Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences  Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasin","family":"Karali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University  Bursa Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1792-1570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynep","family":"Meric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zehra Sule","family":"Haskologlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Geyik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine, Ege University  Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selcen","family":"Bozkurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Depatment of Pediatrics, Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, the Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nermin","family":"Kapc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, University of Health Sciences  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saliha","family":"Esenboga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics Ihsan Dogramac\u0131 Children's Hospital, Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"Ozek Yucel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nesrin","family":"Gulez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics Dr. Behcet Uz Pediatric Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences  Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2202-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neslihan","family":"Edeer Karaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine, Ege University  Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sevgi","family":"Bilgic Eltan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Depatment of Pediatrics, Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, the Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sukru Nail","family":"Guner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6036-7694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cigdem","family":"Aydogmus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, University of Health Sciences  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tugba","family":"Cihan Guler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Halil","family":"Celiksoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, University of Health Sciences  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8377-7637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esra","family":"Karabiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Adult Immunology and Allergy, Department of Chest Disease Faculty of Medicine, Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Marmara University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9976-067X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferah","family":"Genel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics Dr. Behcet Uz Pediatric Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences  Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esin Figen","family":"Do\u011fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics 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