{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T05:17:11Z","timestamp":1769059031887,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012818","name":"Comunidad de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) infection in children and adolescents usually follows a mild or asymptomatic course. In this brief report, we investigated the cellular and humoral responses to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in six healthy Spanish female adolescents, aged 14 to 16, using blood samples collected early in 2021, well before COVID\u201019 vaccinations. Using IFN\u03b3\u2010ELISPOT assays, we detected T cell recall responses in four of these adolescents to a peptide pool encompassing the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Spike protein. The same subjects also exhibited IgM antibodies against the Nucleocapsid and Spike proteins as determined by ELISA in sera samples. However, no IgG antibodies were detected against Spike protein and none of the sera samples were capable of blocking viral entry in a spike\u2010dependent infection assay using SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 pseudoviruses. The detected immune responses are consistent with the presence of pre\u2010existing cross\u2010reactive immunity to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in children\/adolescents, which could have contributed to protect this segment of the population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.70082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T02:28:28Z","timestamp":1767148108000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non\u2010Neutralising Antibodies and T Cell Responses to\n                    <scp>SARS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>CoV<\/scp>\n                    \u20102 Detected in Unvaccinated\n                    <scp>SARS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>CoV<\/scp>\n                    \u20102\u2010Naive Spanish Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Hector F.","family":"Pelaez\u2010Prestel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, School of Medicine Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Fiyouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, School of Medicine Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Inmunotek  Alcal\u00e1 de Henares Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara Alonso","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, School of Medicine Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Bodas\u2010Pinedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit Hospital Clinico San Carlos  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8466-1022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther M.","family":"Lafuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, School of Medicine Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3966-5838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro A.","family":"Reche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, School of Medicine Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0695-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24108746"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2021.111507"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573396317666210526155313"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2020\/e1947"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.08.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1509379"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1425374"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.586984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202002165R"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12050513"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"1885","article-title":"Eucalyptus Essential Oil Inhibits Cell Infection by SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Spike Pseudotyped Lentivirus","volume":"12","author":"Fernandez S. 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