{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T10:16:48Z","timestamp":1774001808602,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The link between allergic conditions and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is still unclear. Only a few studies suggest allergic diseases are more prevalent in CVID patients than in the general population, and the role of IgE remains poorly defined. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of allergic conditions in CVID and the role of serum IgE and IgA levels. This prospective, cross\u2010sectional, case\u2013control study enrolled Italian adult CVID patients to investigate allergic conditions' frequency and relationships between IgE, IgA, and clinical phenotypes. Analyses of diagnostic\/prognostic accuracy were performed with ROC curves. We documented an allergic disease in 26.6% of 60 CVID patients, most commonly allergic rhinitis (56.2%) and bronchial asthma (12.5%). CVID patients with allergy had higher IgE levels (+8.9 kU\/L,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.006) than non\u2010allergic ones, but lower than allergic individuals without CVID. IgE deficiency was observed in 65% of CVID patients, with a strong correlation between IgE and IgA levels (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.7,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Low IgE (&lt;\u20092.5 kU\/L) and IgA levels (&lt;\u20097\u2009mg\/dL) were significantly associated with lymphoproliferative (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and granulomatous phenotypes (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.005), achieving an AUC of 94% and 81% for predicting lymphoproliferation and granulomatosis, respectively. The prevalence of allergic conditions in CVID patients is lower compared with previous studies. Low IgE levels served as a good biomarker for CVID and CVID\u2010phenotypes. Combined serum IgE and IgA assessment improved prognostic stratification.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T04:51:32Z","timestamp":1773809492000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Allergic Diseases in Common Variable Immunodeficiency: A Prospective Cross\u2010Sectional Study on Prevalence and Allergy Biomarkers of Clinical Phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9608-2252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Giovanna","family":"Danieli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SOS Immunologia delle Malattie Rare e dei Trapianti  Ancona Italy"},{"name":"SOD Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, and DISCLIMO Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche  Ancona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6211-8146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Claudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche  Ancona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1003-6707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Auria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche  Ancona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9873-9695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SOSD Allergologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, and DISCLIMO Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche  Ancona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0085-7324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Buti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche  Ancona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2855-254X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Brunetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0380-0105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Moroncini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SOD Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, and DISCLIMO Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche  Ancona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3010-3815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola Lucia","family":"Minciullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology University of Messina  Messina Italy"},{"name":"Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7001-6532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Gangemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Messina  Messina 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