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However, this association through the development of B lymphocytes has yet to be thoroughly investigated. To address this, we generated mice with a simultaneous absence of CD38 and CD19 proteins. Our results showed that\n                    <jats:italic>Cd38 \u2212\/\u2212 Cd19 \u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice had reduced survival. We suggest that the combined loss of CD38 and CD19 proteins results in normal B\u2010cell maturation in the BM compared to WT mice. Nonetheless, these observations differ from those observed in\n                    <jats:italic>Cd19 \u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice. In DKO mice, a change in the proportion of the mature B\u2010cell subset in BM was found in contrast to\n                    <jats:italic>Cd38 \u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice. On the periphery, reduced numbers of total splenocytes and total B cells were observed in DKO mice. In addition, some defects in splenic B\u2010cell development were observed. For example, fewer absolute numbers of T1, T2, and mature B cells were found in comparison with WT mice. However, these subsets have no significant difference compared to Cd19 \u2212\/\u2212 mice. The MZ B\u2010cell subset was almost depleted in\n                    <jats:italic>Cd38\u2212\/\u2212Cd19\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice, and a contrary effect was observed in FO B cells. Although not many differences were found in the proportions and absolute numbers during the different maturation stages of B cells between DKO and\n                    <jats:italic>Cd19 \u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice, a downward trend was observed in some of the steps during B\u2010cell ontogeny. For this reason, the activation, proliferation, and immunoglobulin secretion, as well as the GC formation and MZ microenvironment in response to different stimuli, must be explored.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.70137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T05:42:20Z","timestamp":1785303740000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of\n                    <scp>CD38<\/scp>\n                    Deficiency on B Cell Development in\n                    <scp>CD19<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Deficient Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Abrego\u2010Peredo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Benito Ju\u00e1rez Oaxaca  Oaxaca M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4077-9763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. A.","family":"Gallardo\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud  Xalapa Veracruz M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Inmunodeficiencias Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5082-847X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Romero\u2010Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud  Xalapa Veracruz M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda del Sue\u00f1o, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Veracruzana  Xalapa Veracruz M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Pineda\u2010Olvera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroinmunolog\u00eda Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda \u201cManuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez\u201d  Ciudad de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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