{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T08:03:02Z","timestamp":1784707382721,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031334","name":"Endometriosis Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Endometriosis is associated with chronic pelvic pain, largely due to immune dysregulation within the peritoneal cavity. The activation status of peritoneal immune cells is not well understood, and comparisons with systemic immune cells may provide insights for diagnosing and treating inflammation and pain in endometriosis. To investigate immune cell activation and inhibition status in peritoneal fluid and blood in endometriosis patients using full\u2010spectrum flow cytometry. This study included patients undergoing laparoscopy for diagnosis or treatment of peritoneal endometriosis or for unrelated conditions; peritoneal fluid was collected from\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096 endometriosis patients and\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098 controls, and matched blood from\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095 endometriosis patients and\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20097 controls. Immune cells were analysed using a 20\u2010marker full\u2010spectrum flow cytometry panel. Data were analysed for statistical significance using the Kruskal\u2013Wallis or Mann\u2013Whitney\n                    <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                    test, with a\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    value below 0.05 considered significant. The main differences between endometriosis and control samples were found in lymphoid populations in peritoneal fluid and myeloid populations in blood. Contrary to our expectations, the expression of PD\u20101 on peritoneal fluid NK and T cell populations was significantly lower in endometriosis than in controls (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The significant decrease in immune checkpoint PD\u20101 expression represents a novel immunopathological feature of endometriosis and highlights potential therapeutic targets for managing inflammation and pain through immune checkpoint modulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.70138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T04:28:19Z","timestamp":1783916899000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Decreased\n                    <scp>PD<\/scp>\n                    \u20101\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    <scp>NK<\/scp>\n                    and T Cell Populations in Peritoneal Fluid contribute to Immune Dysregulation in Endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Tresso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University  Clayton Australia"},{"name":"The Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical Research  Clayton Australia"},{"name":"Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology University of Trento  Trento Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niharika","family":"Thota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University  Clayton Australia"},{"name":"The Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical Research  Clayton Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University  Clayton Australia"},{"name":"The Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical Research  Clayton Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Borash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 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