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Our aim was to examine associations of mother\u2010child interaction with neurocognitive outcome, neurological impairments and neonatal brain injuries in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELGA<\/jats:styled-content> children. A prospective study of 48 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELGA<\/jats:styled-content> children, born before 28 gestational weeks (26.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.2\u00a0weeks, birth weight 876\u00a0g\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0194\u00a0g), and 16 term controls. Brain <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> was performed at term\u2010equivalent age. At two years of corrected age, the mother\u2010child interaction was assessed in a structured play situation using the Erickson Scales and Mutually Responsive Orientation Scales. Neurocognitive outcome was assessed with Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GMDS<\/jats:styled-content>) and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development \u2010 Third Edition (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSID<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>) and with Hempel neurological examination. Among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELGA<\/jats:styled-content> children, higher quality of dyadic relationship and maternal sensitivity, responsiveness, and supportiveness were associated with positive neurocognitive outcome measured both with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GMDS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSID<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> (adjusted <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). This association remained after adjusting for mother's educational level. Neurological impairments at two years, white matter or gray matter abnormalities in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> at term\u2010equivalent age, and grade <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> intraventricular hemorrhage during the neonatal period were not associated with mother\u2010child interaction. This study emphasizes the importance of the quality of mother\u2010child interaction after extremely preterm birth for neurocognitive development. Neonatal brain injury and neurological impairments were not associated with worse parent\u2010child interaction after two years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,14]],"date-time":"2014-05-14T13:03:03Z","timestamp":1400072583000},"page":"311-318","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Mother\u2010child interaction is associated with neurocognitive outcome in extremely low gestational age children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Petri","family":"Rahkonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kati","family":"Heinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Behavioral Sciences Institute of Behavioral Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anu\u2010Katriina","family":"Pesonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Behavioral Sciences Institute of Behavioral Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aulikki","family":"Lano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taina","family":"Autti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Imaging Center University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riina","family":"Puosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ea","family":"Huhtala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Behavioral Sciences Institute of Behavioral Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sture","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjo","family":"Mets\u00e4ranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katri","family":"R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Behavioral Sciences Institute of Behavioral Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.1.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.42.5.833"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development","author":"Bayley N.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0355(199624)17:4<322::AID-IMHJ4>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"Griffiths Entwicklungsskalen zur Beurteilung der Entwicklung in den ersten beiden Lebensjahren","author":"Brandt I.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1461673031000108504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.01.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/ae.2004.31.4.475"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1129134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1129675"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"Egeland B. 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