{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T20:25:47Z","timestamp":1791059147165,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,16]],"date-time":"2017-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian J Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sluggish cognitive tempo (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCT<\/jats:styled-content>) was introduced in 1980s in the field of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>). Studies indicate that symptoms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCT<\/jats:styled-content> are separate from symptoms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> and independently associated with multiple domains of functioning in clinical groups and in typical development. We assessed whether similar pattern would apply to higher functioning autism spectrum disorders (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>). Children with higher functioning <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 55; 5\u221215 years) were divided into the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>+High <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCT<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 17), the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>+Medium <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCT<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 18) and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>+Low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCT<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 20) groups based on parent\u2010rated daydreaming and slowness on the Five to Fifteen questionnaire (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FTF<\/jats:styled-content>). The groups were compared on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related impairments found in previous studies: social skills, academic functioning, psychiatric symptoms, and processing speed. Assessment methods were the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FTF<\/jats:styled-content>, the Development and Well\u2010Being Assessment, and the Coding subtest of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WISC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms were statistically controlled due to the overlap between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>+High <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>+Medium <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCT<\/jats:styled-content> groups were significantly more likely to have the most pronounced social impairments, and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>+High <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCT<\/jats:styled-content> group had significantly higher rate of internalizing disorders compared to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>+Low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCT<\/jats:styled-content> group. Our results suggest that children with higher functioning <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> and high or medium levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCT<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms could be at higher risk for psychosocial impairments than children with higher functioning <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> with low levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCT<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms. Co\u2010occurring <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms do not explain the finding. Recognizing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCT<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms in higher functioning <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> would be important to targeting preventive support.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,17]],"date-time":"2017-08-17T08:11:47Z","timestamp":1502957507000},"page":"389-399","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Sluggish cognitive tempo in children and adolescents with higher functioning autism spectrum disorders: Social impairments and internalizing symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Outi","family":"Reinvall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Pediatric Neurology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teija","family":"Kujala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Brain Research Unit (CBRU), Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arja","family":"Voutilainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anu\u2010Liisa","family":"Moisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Psychiatry University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pekka","family":"Lahti\u2010Nuuttila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marja","family":"Laasonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Speech\u2010Language Pathology Psychology University of Turku Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Phoniatrics University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist\/4\u201318 and 1991 profile","author":"Achenbach T.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM\u2010IV)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023961"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2012.734259"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-013-9824-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/108835760001500303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-011-9602-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00343.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-011-9602-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104514554312"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-013-9719-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-013-9825-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054711435411"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12580"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054715597470"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-015-0066-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000325"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2013.838771"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","volume-title":"Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory\u2010Parent version 5.0","author":"Burns G. 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