{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T05:58:52Z","timestamp":1784613532877,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]],"date-time":"2018-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian J Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Health problems evoked in the presence of electrical equipment is a concern, calling for better understanding for characteristics of electromagnetic hypersensitivity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EHS<\/jats:styled-content>) in the general population. The present study investigated demographics, lifestyle factors, frequency and duration, coping strategies, proportion meeting clinical criteria for intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMF<\/jats:styled-content>) and comorbidity. Using data from a large\u2010scale population\u2010based questionnaire study, we investigated persons with self\u2010reported (n\u00a0=\u00a091) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EHS<\/jats:styled-content> in comparison to referents (n\u00a0=\u00a03,250). Middle age, female sex and poor perceived health was found to be associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EHS<\/jats:styled-content>. More than 50% in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EHS<\/jats:styled-content> group reported having <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related symptoms more often than once a week, and the mean number of years experiencing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EHS<\/jats:styled-content> was 10.5. More than half of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EHS<\/jats:styled-content> group reported that their symptoms started after a high\u2010dose or long\u2010term <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMF<\/jats:styled-content> exposure, that they actively tried to avoid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMF<\/jats:styled-content> sources and that they mostly could affect the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMF<\/jats:styled-content> environment. A minority of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EHS<\/jats:styled-content> group had sought medical attention, been diagnosed by a physician or received treatment. Exhaustion syndrome, anxiety disorder, back\/joint\/muscle disorder, depression, functional somatic syndrome and migraine were comorbid with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EHS<\/jats:styled-content>. The results provide ground for future study of these characteristic features being risk factors for development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EHS<\/jats:styled-content> and or consequences of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EHS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]],"date-time":"2018-05-09T14:51:53Z","timestamp":1525877513000},"page":"422-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Characteristics of perceived electromagnetic hypersensitivity in the general population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6315-9284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Gruber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ume\u00e5 University Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Palmquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ume\u00e5 University Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Nordin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ume\u00e5 University Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2014.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-643"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198809000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00220973.1995.9943797"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016359509005992"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"568","article-title":"Prevalence of annoyance attributed to electrical equipment and smells in a Swedish population, and relationship with subjective health and daily functioning","volume":"119","author":"Carlsson F.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Institute Public Health and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2013.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20379"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.644"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","first-page":"494","article-title":"Guidelines on limits of exposure to static magnetic fields","volume":"74","author":"International Commission on Non\u2010Ionizing Radiation Protection","year":"1998","journal-title":"Health Physics"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.1996.0095"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2012.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7181.436"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2016.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","volume-title":"Stress, appraisal, and coping","author":"Lazarus R. S.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110s4619"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2010.03264.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110908794"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12071"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494813475532"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327107070575"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2013.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005374"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (formerly \u201celectromagnetic hypersensitivity\u201d): An updated systematic review of provocation studies","volume":"31","author":"Rubin G. J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bio\u2010electromagnetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-006-5061-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2005.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on EMF Hypersensitivity","author":"Stenberg B.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199701000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.12.009"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fsjop.12449","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sjop.12449","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T05:22:52Z","timestamp":1695014572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/sjop.12449"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/sjop.12449"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sjop.12449","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-5564","1467-9450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-5564","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-9450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-05-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}