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The aim of the current study was to examine the direction of this relationship in a group of young adult backpackers who traveled to social environments which are permissive of smoking. The current study involved a quasi\u2010experimental design examining 199 (52% men, mean age 24.27, SD\u00a0=\u00a01.05\u00a0years at time 1) young adults, before, during and following a backpacking experience of at least six months. Regression analyses was used to examine the association between smoking and symptoms of depression and anxiety over time. Relative to smoking levels before the journey, a significant transient increase in smoking was found during the journey. The increase in smoking during the journey predicted increases in both depressive and anxiety symptoms following the journey. The reverse direction models were not significant. Our study suggests that social contexts which are permissive of smoking, such as backpacking, increase young adult smoking behavior. Mood symptoms did not contribute to the observed increase in smoking behavior but, inversely, increases in smoking contributed to heightened mood symptoms. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to explore the role that smoking behavior plays in young adults\u2019 mental health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T17:26:24Z","timestamp":1607016384000},"page":"211-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Smoking behavior and symptoms of depression and anxiety among young adult backpackers: Results from a short longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9663-2226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osnat C.","family":"Melamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine University of Toronto Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie D.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Criminology Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shmuel","family":"Shulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel"},{"name":"College of Management Rishon Le'Zion Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.7.1224"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.065912"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00719-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"356","article-title":"A systematic review of longitudinal studies on the association between depression and smoking in adolescents","volume":"9","author":"Chaiton M. 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