{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:37:18Z","timestamp":1785332238584,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010044","name":"University of Central Lancashire","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010044","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian J Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The COVID\u201019 pandemic (2020\u20132021) resulted in isolation due to social distancing rules and lockdowns, during which technology was used to enable families and friends to maintain contact. Despite loneliness being high in parents, little is known about which parents are more likely to experience loneliness and strategies to support them.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This mixed\u2010methods study examines which parents were lonely during the pandemic and how digital technologies were used to reduce loneliness and social isolation. Data were collected during the first UK lockdown from May to July 2020 via an online survey (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009145) and follow\u2010up interviews (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Loneliness reported during lockdown was greater than retrospective reporting of loneliness for all respondents, but it was higher in single parents, those caring for children with specific needs, and those with lower household incomes before and during lockdown. Parents rapidly adapted to and experimented with using technology for social connection during the lockdown, which helped to reduce feelings of isolation and loneliness. Video calling was found to be useful for making connections and enhancing social presence, but parents also experienced anxieties and difficulties with its use. There were mixed views about technology use; some were keen to continue using technology for socializing after the lockdown ended, but for others, it was only a temporary measure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although technology was invaluable during the pandemic, it was not a panacea, and the way parents used it was influenced by their approach to technology and existing social behaviors and networks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T06:58:42Z","timestamp":1705993122000},"page":"533-548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Parents\u2019 use of digital technology for social connection during the COVID\u201019 pandemic: A mixed\u2010methods study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4326-2425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Nowland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Community Health and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire  Preston UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Community Health and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire  Preston UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7891-6666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peggy","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"It starts with hello: A report into the impact of loneliness in children, young people and families","author":"Action for Children","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113521"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113541"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2013.837379"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721417730833"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.6722"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12117"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650215617506"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239698"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08923649709526970"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hpja.334"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614568352"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2014.0118"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01460862.2012.734211"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027504268574"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2019.0255"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2378023120985254"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","unstructured":"Lauri S.&Kyng\u00e4s H.(2005).Developing nursing theories (Finnish: Hoitotieteen Teorian Kehitt\u00e4minen)Werner So\u00a8derstro\u00a8m Dark Oy Vantaa."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRA.0000000000000488"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2018.1554251"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Qualitative content analysis forum qualitative sozialforschung","volume":"1","author":"Mayring P.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Forum: Qualitative Social Research"},{"issue":"2004","key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Qualitative content analysis","volume":"1","author":"Mayring P.","year":"2004","journal-title":"A companion to Qualitative Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113648"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2014.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013632"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691617713052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17579139211018243"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/135763306777488726"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. (2019).Average household income UK: Financial year ending 2019 (provisional)Available at:https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/personalandhouseholdfinances\/incomeandwealth\/bulletins\/householddisposableincomeandinequality\/financialyearending2019provisional."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. (2020).Coronavirus and loneliness Great Britain. Available at:https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/wellbeing\/bulletins\/coronavirusandlonelinessgreatbritain\/3aprilto3may2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000441651"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1473325019840394"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2012.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-016824"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","volume-title":"Qualitative research and evaluation methods","author":"Patton M.Q.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Toward a social psychology of loneliness","volume":"3","author":"Perlman D.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Personal Relationships"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","first-page":"164","article-title":"Happiness, loneliness, and social media: Perceived intimacy mediates the emotional benefits of platform use","volume":"7","author":"Pittman M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Social Media in Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2013.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444818823719"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","volume-title":"State of the nation: Understanding public attitudes to the early years","author":"Royal Foundation","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12726"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305116662163"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/22287"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/24712"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610209991426"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/12410"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00131640121971103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbe2.242"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1736-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2012.02.006"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sjop.12998","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T07:56:38Z","timestamp":1715414198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/sjop.12998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/sjop.12998"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sjop.12998","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-5564","1467-9450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-5564","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-9450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}