{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T15:01:44Z","timestamp":1768057304459,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian J Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Stress is a potential risk factor for other serious health concerns. Studies show an association between Attention\u2010Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and stress due to impairments in emotional regulation and executive functioning that are typical of the disorder. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is among the most widely used measures of perceived stress, and its four\u2010item version (PSS\u20104) lacks validation in Norwegian contexts. This study aims to evaluate the construct validity of the PSS\u20104 in an adult ADHD sample, to facilitate effective and valid measurements of perceived stress in this population. A total of 423 adults with ADHD were recruited through a Norwegian user involvement organization. Confirmatory factor analysis with a two\u2010 and a one\u2010factor model was applied. Gradually, more restricted models were evaluated in terms of model fit and compared with each other to test measurement invariance across sexes. Pearson correlations were calculated for the association with related constructs. Our results favored the two\u2010factor model, which demonstrated a good fit, over the one\u2010factor model. Our results indicated that the PSS\u20104 posits measurement invariance across sexes at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. All correlations aligned with expected directions and strengths. These results indicate that the Norwegian PSS\u20104 posits good construct and structural validity, and measurement invariance across sexes in this population. In sum, our results support the use of the PSS\u20104 as a short and valid measure of perceived stress among adults with ADHD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.70028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T04:45:37Z","timestamp":1758084337000},"page":"230-241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Construct Validity of the Perceived Stress Scale 4 in a Norwegian Adult\n                    <scp>ADHD<\/scp>\n                    Community Population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0283-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)  Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, Nidaros Community Mental Health Center St. Olavs University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Skliarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stian","family":"Lydersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hege","family":"Hafstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V\u00e5rres Regional User\u2010Led Center Mid\u2010Norway  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audun","family":"Havnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, Nidaros Community Mental Health Center St. Olavs University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7342-9049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariela Loreto","family":"Lara\u2010Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)  Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Nidelv Community Mental Health Center, Department of Mental Healthcare, St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8083287"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215\u20100366(16)30032\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","unstructured":"Association A. 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