{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T13:07:35Z","timestamp":1778936855701,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian J Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Insecure attachment styles are associated with psychopathology and mental health problems. However, there are only a few large, nationally representative studies on the relationship between attachment and mental health, leaving a gap in our knowledge about the distribution of attachment styles across age groups and gender. In this cross\u2010sectional study of the Danish general population aged 18\u201379, we present self\u2010reported attachment styles in 3597 adults assessed with the Relationship Questionnaire. We describe the distributions of attachment styles both categorically and dimensionally, their differences depending on age and gender, as well as the correlation with different indices of mental health. Overall, 65% of the respondents reported being securely attached, with slightly more women being securely attached than men. 35% of the respondents reported being insecurely attached, with men being more likely to be dismissing and women more likely to be preoccupied. In terms of age, there was a steady increase in attachment security until around the age of 60\u2009years. Self\u2010reported attachment in the population showed low to moderate correlations with symptoms of mental health disorders, psychosocial function, and well\u2010being. Secure attachment was positively correlated with well\u2010being and negatively associated with poor psychosocial functioning. The high level of self\u2010reported attachment security in Denmark is likely the result of it being a relatively wealthy and gender\u2010equal society. Gender and age differences in terms of attachment insecurity can be understood in terms of both socio\u2010cultural norms, social comparison, and maturation theories. Whether these findings reflect common developmental trajectories or cohort effects remains a topic for further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.70065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T05:30:53Z","timestamp":1766554253000},"page":"725-735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Self\u2010Reported Attachment Styles in the Danish General Population: Gender and Age\u2010Related Differences and Associations With Mental Health"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5488-7562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Simonsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center Stolpeg\u00e5rd Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013Mental Health Services CPH  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Mental Health Services East Psychiatry Region Zealand  Roskilde Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9974-0057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Gondan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0508-7929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilie","family":"Hestbaek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center Stolpeg\u00e5rd Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013Mental Health Services CPH  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Juul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center Stolpeg\u00e5rd Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013Mental Health Services CPH  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5019-8065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stine Bjerrum","family":"Moeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish National Center of Psychotraumatology University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department for Multidisciplinary Trauma Treatment Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark  Vejle Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11020-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616730902814762"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.61.2.226"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Attachment Theory and Close Relationships","author":"Bartholomew K.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2018.1451918"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s127-002-8215-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14999013.2013.787562"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026540759184001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/03.21.PR0.114k23w9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2019.04.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550614538460"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2012.00793.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12808"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200207000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esxm.2019.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6811.1999.tb00208.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.04.091"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702620917455"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X09000016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167210392789"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2018.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derogatis L. R. andK. L.Savitz.1999.The SCL\u201090\u2010R Brief Symptom Inventory and Matching Clinical Rating Scales.","DOI":"10.1037\/t07502-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.6.1656"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457940000643X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs11060083"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","volume-title":"Gender Equality Index 2024\u2014Sustaining Momentum on a Fragile Path","author":"EIGE","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122216-011719"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2015.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579421000092"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616730701868571"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","first-page":"469","volume-title":"Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications","author":"Greenberg M. T.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199109000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.67.3.430"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.92.6.1118"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446269930.n14"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.52.3.511"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.59.2.270"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17456916231202685"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2024.2435515"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2111095"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6811.1994.tb00058.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.1842"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci8010005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/56.1.S28"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10502556.2018.1558856"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020061"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.05.092"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.73.5.1092"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wpsyc.2012.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2023.2202637"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.5.461"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08039481003728586"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-023-04968-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31829829ab"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207590903165059"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01738"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2004.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.92.4.678"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6811.2008.00211.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6811.2010.01255.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6811.00052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022104266105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","first-page":"211","volume-title":"Attachment: Expanding the Cultural Connections","author":"Schmitt D. P.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pspp0000400"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015546"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/AG.69.2.c"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Attachment: Expanding the Cultural Connections","author":"Shaver P. R.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000376585"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs12070204"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws412"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1461673042000303127"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pspp0000437"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sjop.70065","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/sjop.70065","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sjop.70065","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T12:18:37Z","timestamp":1778933917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/sjop.70065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/sjop.70065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sjop.70065","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-5564","1467-9450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-5564","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-9450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}