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However, it remains unclear how parents' childhood experiences with ESBs should be represented within these conceptual frameworks. Addressing the complexity of ESBs, the present study examined predictors across three theoretically derived domains and additionally included parents' recollected ESBs as a parent\u2010level factor. Questionnaire data were collected from a large population\u2010based cohort of Norwegian mothers and fathers (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094207; 2460 mothers) with children aged 3 to 13\u2009years (\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20097.4\u2009years). Supportive and non\u2010supportive ESBs were examined separately through hierarchical regression models incorporating parent, context, and child factors. The three domains collectively accounted for 28% of the variance in supportive ESBs and 29% in non\u2010supportive ESBs. The results clearly emphasized parental factors, with parent gender and recollected ESBs being the most influential predictors. Other parent factors, such as perceived parenting stress, alcohol use, and the personality traits agreeableness and openness, also showed unique effects across both types of ESBs. Among contextual factors, education, income, and country of birth predicted non\u2010supportive ESBs but not supportive ESBs. Child age and birth order were linked with supportive ESBs, whereas only child age predicted non\u2010supportive ESBs. Findings highlight the importance of parent characteristics, particularly gender and recollected emotion socialization from the family of origin, in predicting current parental ESBs beyond contextual and child\u2010related factors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.70082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T01:47:07Z","timestamp":1771465627000},"page":"953-971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Determinants of Parental Emotion Socialization Behaviors: Insights From a Large\u2010Scale Population\u2010Based Family Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9317-6736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvonne","family":"Severinsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Promenta Research Center University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eivind","family":"Ystrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Promenta Research Center University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Child Health and Development Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Centre for Research on Equality in Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1328-9861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolai Haahjem","family":"Eftedal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Promenta Research Center University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8865-4265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egil","family":"Nygaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Promenta Research Center University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Bekkhus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Promenta Research Center University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine Maria Porpino","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy Oslo Metropolitan University  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2010-0709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stella","family":"Tsotsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Health Promotion Oslo Metropolitan University  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9271-6510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evalill","family":"B\u00f8lstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Health, Developmental\u2010 and Personality Psychology, Department of Psychology University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0421-2399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rune Flaaten","family":"Bj\u00f8rk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Vestre Viken Helseforetak  Drammen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15295192.2025.2465988"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868313498308"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","unstructured":"Babor T. 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