{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:46:45Z","timestamp":1792154805835,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Suicide &amp; Life Threat Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing suicide rates across the United States are disproportionate among populations most impacted by mass incarceration. We sought to determine if incarceration is associated with risk of suicide and firearm suicide after release from prison.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a population\u2010based Washington cohort from Department of Corrections and vital statistics administrative records 1990\u20132017, individuals were compared to the sex\u2010, age\u2010, and race\u2010matched population of Washington using Poisson regression. Among previously incarcerated individuals, we included incarceration history characteristics to calculate sub\u2010hazard ratios using Cox proportional\u2010hazards models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 140,281 individuals released from prison, 484 died by suicide. Suicide risk was 62% higher among previously incarcerated individuals compared with the general population (RR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.46\u20131.79). Suicide risk was higher among individuals convicted of firearm\u2010involved crimes (RR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.79\u20132.89). Individuals released prior to age 18 had substantially higher risk of firearm suicide than those whose first release occurred between ages 18\u201324 (sHR: 11.91; 95% CI: 4.30\u201332.96).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings highlight the need for improved mental health resources and lethal means safety in this population. Mental health and substance use treatment have been proposed as effective alternatives to incarceration\u2014continuing to study their impacts may reveal additional benefits of reducing suicide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/sltb.12834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T07:59:50Z","timestamp":1643443190000},"page":"467-477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Incarceration and subsequent risk of suicide: A statewide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9271-6414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin Renee","family":"Morgan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Firearm Injury and Policy Research Program Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick P.","family":"Rivara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firearm Injury and Policy Research Program Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myduc","family":"Ta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assessment, Policy Development and Evaluation Unit Public Health \u2010 Seattle &amp; King County Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Grossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Health Research Institute Kaiser Permanente Washington Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Services School of Public Health University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State Department of Corrections Tumwater Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Rowhani\u2010Rahbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Firearm Injury and Policy Research Program Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"100","article-title":"Physicians in US prisons in the era of mass incarceration","volume":"6","author":"Allen S. 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