{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:25:50Z","timestamp":1761863150659},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,8]],"date-time":"2012-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To determine the relationship of muscle activation, force production, and cycle characteristics to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> extraction during high\u2010 and lower\u2010intensity double poling (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DP<\/jats:styled-content>), nine well\u2010trained male cross\u2010country skiers performed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DP<\/jats:styled-content> on a treadmill for 3\u2009min at 90% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>VO<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> followed by 6\u2009min at 70%. During the final minute at each workload, arterial, femoral, and subclavian venous blood were collected for determination of partial pressure of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content>, partial pressure of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>, and lactate. Electromyography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMG<\/jats:styled-content>) was recorded from six upper and lower body muscles, leg and pole forces were measured, and cardiorespiratory variables were monitored continuously. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> extraction was associated with time point of peak pole force (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>), duration of recovery, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMG<\/jats:styled-content> activity, and lower body use. Arm <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> extraction was lower than in the legs at both intensities (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and was reduced to a lesser extent upon decreasing the workload (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Arm root\u2010mean\u2010square <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMG<\/jats:styled-content> was higher during the poling phase and entire cycle compared with the legs (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Blood lactate was higher in the subclavian than in femoral vein and artery (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and independent of intensity. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> extraction was correlated to low muscle activation, later <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>, prolonged poling time, and extensive dynamic lower body use. Cycle rate and recovery time were associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> extraction during high\u2010intensity exercise only.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,8]],"date-time":"2012-10-08T06:12:03Z","timestamp":1349676723000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Biomechanical determinants of oxygen extraction during cross\u2010country skiing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"St\u00f6ggl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology University of Salzburg  Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Christian Doppler\u2010Laboratory Biomechanics in Skiing  Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre Department of Health Sciences Mid\u2010Sweden University  \u00d6stersund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Bj\u00f6rklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre Department of Health Sciences Mid\u2010Sweden University  \u00d6stersund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.\u2010C.","family":"Holmberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre Department of Health Sciences Mid\u2010Sweden University  \u00d6stersund Sweden"},{"name":"Swedish Olympic Committee  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"A practical guide to electromyography for biomechanics","author":"Acierno SP","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.2.928","article-title":"Arm blood flow at rest and during arm exercise","volume":"70","author":"Ahlborg G","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2010.521580"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181da4339"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00671.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00824.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.059287"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1973.225.3.675","article-title":"Central and peripheral circulatory changes after training of the arms or legs","volume":"225","author":"Clausen JP","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201X.1998.0324e.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-005-0107-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2005.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(88)90196-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1991.tb09180.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00779.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1972.tb05325.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"European recommendations for surface electromyography. 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