{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T21:29:55Z","timestamp":1790026195086,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Muscle injury frequently occurs in the medial head of the gastrocnemius (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), and stretching is used for treatment. However, there are no studies based on anatomical considerations and biomechanics. This study therefore examined the macroscopic anatomical structure of the triceps surae muscle to design an effective and selective\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    stretching method, before quantitatively verifying that method by ultrasonography. The macroscopic anatomy was analyzed in 16\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    apanese cadavers (25 legs). Based on the anatomical findings and the arrangement of fascicles in the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , we concluded that ankle inversion might be advantageous for selective stretching of the tendon fiber bundles into which the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    inserts. We devised a method in which the limb was initially positioned with the knee joint in extension and the ankle joint in plantar flexion. Then, the ankle was dorsiflexed and inverted. The proposed method was compared with standard stretching and verified by ultrasonography in eight healthy adult males. This method effectively and selectively stretched the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , producing a significantly decreased pennation angle and increased muscle fiber length. This method may be beneficial for preventing future injuries and may enhance the effect of therapy on the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T03:01:22Z","timestamp":1395284482000},"page":"242-250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Effective and selective stretching of the medial head of the gastrocnemius"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Edama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Niigata University of Health and Welfare  Niigata Japan"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy School of Life Dentistry at Niigata Nippon Dental University  Niigata 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Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Nashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Niigata Medical Center  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90577.2008","article-title":"The relative lengthening of the myotendinous structures in the medial gastrocnemius during passive stretching differs among individuals","volume":"20","author":"Abellaneda S","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.10112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050677"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"The 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