{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:43:18Z","timestamp":1762004598204},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]],"date-time":"2014-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ag\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdncia de gesti\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd dajusts universitaris i de recerca (AGAUR)","award":["PRE\/2878\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRE\/2878\/2011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fatigue in forearm muscles may be critical for motorcycle riders in relation to performance and forearm disorders. Force\u2013time course parameters were examined to better characterize the reduction in the maximal force generating capacity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MVC<\/jats:styled-content>) during an intermittent fatigue protocol (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFP<\/jats:styled-content>) specifically designed for motorcycle riders. Also, a mathematical force fatigue model is proposed. Forty motorcyclists (aged 27.6\u2009\u00b1\u20096.8 years) performed an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFP<\/jats:styled-content> that simulated the braking gesture and posture of a rider. Fatigue was confirmed by a 40% decrement of the normalized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MVC<\/jats:styled-content> in comparison with basal value. Contraction time increased in comparison with basal condition (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.034). Relaxation kinetics presented two phases: (a) a pre\u2010fatigue phase where half relaxation time (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRT<jats:sub>raw<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) and normalized (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRT<jats:sub>nor<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) decreased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.013) while relaxation rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<jats:sub>raw<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) remained unchanged; and (b) a fatiguing phase where <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRT<jats:sub>raw<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRT<jats:sub>nor<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> increased and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<jats:sub>raw<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> decreased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.047). Normalized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<jats:sub>raw<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<jats:sub>nor<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) declined progressively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.016). The proposed nonlinear force fatigue model confirmed a satisfactory adjustment (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.977\u2009\u00b1\u20090.018). This mathematical expression derived three patterns of force fatigue: three\u2010phase, exponential and linear, representing 70%, 13%, and 17% of the participants, respectively. Overall, these results provided further support to force fatigue theoretical and applied proposals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]],"date-time":"2014-04-15T08:40:44Z","timestamp":1397551244000},"page":"406-416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Force\u2013time course parameters and force fatigue model during an intermittent fatigue protocol in motorcycle race riders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Marina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INEFC Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad Biologia (UB)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Torrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEFC Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Busquets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Science Universitat Pompeu Fabra  Mataro Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Angulo\u2010Barroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEFC Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91599.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1995.sp003864"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316757","volume-title":"Nonlinear regression analysis and its applications","author":"Bates DM","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1983.sp014765"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1983.50.1.313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(94)90850-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91474.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1989.sp017843"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Changes in the time course of potentiated and fatigued contractions of fast motor units in rat muscle","volume":"144","author":"Celichowski J","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Ital Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1988.sp017020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1980.sp013137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00690894"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.58.3.942"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(94)00003-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"26P","article-title":"Effect of fatigue on the time course of relaxation from isometric contractions of skeletal muscle in man","volume":"227","author":"Edwards RH","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1975.sp011094"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1975.sp011093"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"374","volume-title":"Neuromechanics of human movement","author":"Enoka RM","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01200.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.81.4.1718"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.4.1725"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1991.tb09139.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.37.5.452"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"589","article-title":"The course of motor unit twitch in dependence on muscle stretching force. 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