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Here, we investigated whether pineal gland modulates antipreneoplastic effects of physical exercise in the colon. Surgical and non\u2010surgical pineal impairments were performed to clarify the relationship between the pineal gland activity and manifestation of colonic preneoplastic lesions. Next, a progressive swimming training was applied in rats exposed or not to either non\u2010surgical pineal impairment or carcinogen treatment for 10 weeks. Both surgical and non\u2010surgical pineal impairments increased the development of colon preneoplasia. It was further found that impairing the pineal gland function, higher rates of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> damage were induced in colonic epithelial and enteric glial cells. Physical exercise acted positively against preneoplasia, whereas impairing the pineal function with constant light exposure disrupts its positive effects on the development of preneoplastic lesions in the colon. This was yet related to increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> damage in glial cells and enteric neuronal activation aside from serum melatonin levels. Our findings suggest that protective effects of physical exercise against colon cancer are dependent on the pineal gland activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]],"date-time":"2014-12-09T07:48:24Z","timestamp":1418111304000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pineal gland function is required for colon antipreneoplastic effects of physical exercise in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"F. T. 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