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Nine resistance\u2010trained males carried out bench press and full squat exercises against four incremental loads (25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% one repetition maximum [1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RM<\/jats:styled-content>]), in a randomized, double\u2010blind, cross\u2010over design. Participants ingested either 180 mg of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSE<\/jats:styled-content> (supra\u2010therapeutic dose) or placebo in the morning (7:00\u2009h; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AM<jats:sub>PLAC<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AM<jats:sub>PSE<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) and in the afternoon (17:00\u2009h; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<jats:sub>PLAC<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<jats:sub>PSE<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSE<\/jats:styled-content> enhanced muscle contraction velocity against 25% and 50% 1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RM<\/jats:styled-content> loads, only when it was ingested in the mornings, and only in the full squat exercise (4.4\u20138.7%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSE<\/jats:styled-content> ingestion raised urine and plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSE<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) regardless of time of day; however, cathine only increased in the urine samples. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSE<\/jats:styled-content> ingestion resulted in positive tests occurring in 11% of samples, and it rose some adverse side effects such us tachycardia and heart palpitations. Ingestion of a single dose of 180\u2009mg of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSE<\/jats:styled-content> results in enhanced lower body muscle contraction velocity against low and moderate loads only in the mornings. These mild performance improvements are accompanied by undesirable side effects and an 11% risk of surpassing the doping threshold.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]],"date-time":"2014-12-17T06:29:18Z","timestamp":1418797758000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Pseudoephedrine and circadian rhythm interaction on neuromuscular performance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"J. 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