{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:43:16Z","timestamp":1790113396441,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,21]],"date-time":"2015-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000835","name":"University of Bath","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000835","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This prospective cohort study investigated the influence of an artificial playing surface on injury risk and perceptions of muscle soreness in elite<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>nglish<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>remiership<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>ugby<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>nion players. Time loss (from 39.5 matches) and abrasion (from 27 matches) injury risk was compared between matches played on artificial turf and natural grass. Muscle soreness was reported over the 4 days following one match played on each surface by 95 visiting players (i.e., normally play on natural grass surfaces). There was a likely trivial difference in the overall injury burden relating to time\u2010loss injuries between playing surfaces [rate ratio\u2009=\u20091.01, 90% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 0.73\u20131.38]. Abrasions were substantially more common on artificial turf (rate ratio\u2009=\u20097.92, 90%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 4.39\u201314.28), although the majority of these were minor and only two resulted in any reported time loss. Muscle soreness was consistently higher over the 4 days following a match on artificial turf in comparison with natural grass, although the magnitude of this effect was small (effect sizes ranging from 0.26 to 0.40). These results suggest that overall injury risk is similar for the two playing surfaces, but further surveillance is required before inferences regarding specific injury diagnoses and smaller differences in overall injury risk can be made.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,21]],"date-time":"2015-01-21T12:38:24Z","timestamp":1421843904000},"page":"101-108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The influence of an artificial playing surface on injury risk and perceptions of muscle soreness in elite<scp>R<\/scp>ugby<scp>U<\/scp>nion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health University of Bath Bath UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Trewartha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health University of Bath Bath UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. P. T.","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rugby Football Union Twickenham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Michell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health University of Bath Bath UK"},{"name":"The Rugby Players' Association Twickenham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. A.","family":"Stokes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health University of Bath Bath UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410701422076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2001.04.744"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.1.1.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.073783"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Artificial turf surfaces: perception of safety, sporting feature, satisfaction and preference of football users","volume":"14","author":"Burillo P","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181a07b6e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-21-05-293"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01118.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198908010-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.027623"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640411003629681"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.033282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181eccdf8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993324"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000126605.65966.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Linear models and effect magnitudes for research, clinical and practical applications","volume":"14","author":"Hopkins WG","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sportscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"International Rugby Board.Regulation 22: standard relating to the use of artificial playing surfaces.2008. Available athttp:\/\/pulse\u2010static\u2010files.s3.amazonaws.com\/worldrugby\/document\/2014\/11\/06\/4193d8af\u2010d9d6\u20104176\u20108e55\u2010949f37c93d53\/42157_PDF.pdf(accessed January 15 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","unstructured":"International Rugby Board.IRB artificial rugby turf performance specification.2010. Available athttp:\/\/irbplayerwelfare.com\/pdfs\/Turf_Performance_Tech_Spec_EN.pdf(accessed May 24 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01164.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092266"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.70252\/AYJX8444","article-title":"The effects proprioceptive neuromusclar facilitiation stretching on post\u2010exercise delayed onset muscle soreness in young adults","volume":"7","author":"McGrath RP","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Exerc Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199927030-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.8.3.312","article-title":"The effects of game and training loads on perceptual responses of muscle soreness in Australian football","volume":"8","author":"Montgomery PG","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.35.6.418"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1331173"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","unstructured":"PinheiroJ BatesD DebRoyS SarkarD CoreR.Team. nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models.2014. Available athttp:\/\/CRAN.R\u2010project.org\/package=nlme(accessed 21 February 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2052-1847-6-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092873"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Understanding the acute skin injury mechanism caused by player\u2010surface contact during soccer: a survey and systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Eijnde WAJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11593190-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(98)00226-8"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; Science in Sports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fsms.12402","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sms.12402","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T09:13:49Z","timestamp":1747473229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/sms.12402"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,21]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/sms.12402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.12402","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-7188","1600-0838"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-7188","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0838","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,21]]}}}