{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:47:57Z","timestamp":1791218877909,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,6]],"date-time":"2015-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This pilot study investigated whether a 10\u2010week running program (10<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">wkRP<\/jats:styled-content>), which reduced the oxygen cost of running, affected resultant ground reaction force (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GRF<\/jats:styled-content>), leg axis alignment, joint moment characteristics, and gear ratios. Ten novice, female runners completed a 10<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">wkRP<\/jats:styled-content>. Running kinematics and kinetics, in addition to oxygen consumption (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/sms12514-math-5001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:09057188:media:sms12514:sms12514-math-5001\"\/>) during steady\u2010state running, were recorded pre\u2010 and post\u201010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">wkRP<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/sms12514-math-5002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:09057188:media:sms12514:sms12514-math-5002\"\/> decreased (8%) from pre\u201010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">wkRP<\/jats:styled-content> to post\u201010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">wkRP<\/jats:styled-content>. There was a better alignment of the resultant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GRF<\/jats:styled-content> and leg axis at peak propulsion post\u201010wkRP compared with pre\u201010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">wkRP<\/jats:styled-content> (10.8\u2009\u00b1\u20094.9 vs 1.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u00b0), as the resultant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GRF<\/jats:styled-content> vector was applied 7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u00b0 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008) more horizontally. There were shorter external ankle moment arms (24%) and smaller knee extensor moments (23%) at peak braking post\u201010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">wkRP<\/jats:styled-content>. The change in <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/sms12514-math-5003.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:09057188:media:sms12514:sms12514-math-5003\"\/> was associated with the change in alignment of the resultant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GRF<\/jats:styled-content> and leg axis (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.88, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). As runners became more economical, they exhibited a more aligned resultant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GRF<\/jats:styled-content> vector and leg axis at peak propulsion. This appears to be a self\u2010optimization strategy that may improve performance. Additionally, changes to external ankle moment arms indicated beneficial low gear ratios were achieved at the time of peak braking force.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,6]],"date-time":"2015-07-06T10:21:25Z","timestamp":1436178085000},"page":"809-815","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Reduced oxygen cost of running is related to alignment of the resultant <scp>GRF<\/scp> and leg axis vector: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"I. S.","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports injury Research Group Cardiff School of Sport Cardiff Metropolitan University  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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