{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T03:27:35Z","timestamp":1785900455266,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,10]],"date-time":"2015-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015061","name":"Niigata University of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["H25F04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H25F04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although women reportedly have a higher prevalence of medial tibial stress syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTSS<\/jats:styled-content>) than men, the possible role of gender\u2010based anatomical differences has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of gender\u2010based differences in the range of muscle attachments along the entire medial tibia, the proportion of muscle attachment at the middle and distal thirds of the medial margin of the tibia, the structure of the crural fascia, and chiasm position. The specimens were 100 legs of 55 Japanese cadavers. Statistical analysis was carried out using a chi\u2010square test to compare anatomical features between the sexes. The flexor digitorum longus (FDL) had a higher proportion of attachment to the middle and distal thirds of the medial margin of the tibia than the soleus (SOL; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The proportion of the SOL attachment to the middle and distal thirds of the medial margin of the tibia was 33.3% in men and 72.5% in women (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The soleal aponeurosis was not observed in any specimen. In all specimens the FDL formed the top layer of both chiasms. These results suggest that the higher prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTSS<\/jats:styled-content> reported among women may be the result of gender\u2010based anatomical differences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,10]],"date-time":"2015-12-10T08:23:25Z","timestamp":1449735805000},"page":"203-208","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Gender differences of muscle and crural fascia origins in relation to the occurrence of medial tibial stress syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Edama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy School of Life Dentistry at Niigata Nippon Dental University Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Onishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Takabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Inai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Oguma Orthopedics Clinic Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sanjo General Hospital Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Nashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Niigata Medical Center Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Hokuetsu Hospital Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Kageyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy School of Life Dentistry at Niigata Nippon Dental University Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456080-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199811000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199826040-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199407000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2001.31.9.504"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508314408"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093462"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mmt.2002.124419"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658501300202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2012.01467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200939070-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2007.2343"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2011.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Anatomic dissection of the tibialis posterior muscle and its correlation\u00a0to medial tibial stress syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Saxena A","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181a6519c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2004.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000247001.94470.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0095399703258776"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; 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