{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:30:28Z","timestamp":1791311428338,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,6]],"date-time":"2016-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Deficits in muscles of the lumbo\u2010pelvic region, such as a relatively small multifidus muscle, have been used to predict lower limb injuries in professional football players. Results have been less consistent for the size of the quadratus lumborum (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QL<\/jats:styled-content>) muscle. Changes in size of the multifidus and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QL<\/jats:styled-content> muscles could be functionally related to each other, and modeling this relationship could improve prediction of lower limb injuries. Ultrasound imaging examinations were performed on male elite football players at the start of the Australian Football League (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AFL<\/jats:styled-content>) pre\u2010season and playing season. Injury data were obtained from records collected by each club. Results indicated that the cross\u2010sectional area of the multifidus muscle was related to the occurrence of an injury in the pre\u2010season (odds ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>]\u00a0=\u00a02.08\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> decrease below the mean; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> for dichotomized measure\u00a0=\u00a012.2) and in the season (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.43\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). The size of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QL<\/jats:styled-content> muscle was significantly related to an injury in the pre\u2010season (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.12\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> increase above the mean; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> for dichotomized measure\u00a0=\u00a07.26) but not in the season. A significant link was found between the ratio of the multifidus and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QL<\/jats:styled-content> muscles, and the incidence of pre\u2010season (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a014.71) and season injuries (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a05.29). The sensitivity and specificity of the model in the pre\u2010season were 75% and 85.7%, respectively; values for the playing season were 88.4% and 62.5%. A model was developed for prediction of lower limb injuries in football players. Combining size measurements of the multifidus and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QL<\/jats:styled-content> muscles improved predictive power. This information may have clinical implications for injury screening and prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,6]],"date-time":"2016-01-06T09:06:45Z","timestamp":1452071205000},"page":"440-447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Predicting football injuries using size and ratio of the multifidus and quadratus lumborum muscles"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"J. A.","family":"Hides","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Musculoskeletal Research Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research Australian Catholic University Brisbane QLD Australia"},{"name":"Mater\/ACU Back Stability Clinic Mater Health Services South Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. 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