{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T03:26:50Z","timestamp":1789702010402,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,19]],"date-time":"2017-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The relationship between different sport activities and lumbar intervertebral disk degeneration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>) is largely unknown. We evaluated whether adolescent participation in different sports is associated with lumbar <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content> in a population\u2010based birth cohort of young adults. A total of 558 young adults (325 females and 233 males) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.5\u2010T scanner). A <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content> sum score, based on the Pfirrmann grading, was calculated for all lumbar levels. The sum score was categorized into no <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>, 1, 2, or at least 3. Participation in different sport activities was self\u2010reported by postal surveys at 16, 18, and 19\u00a0years, and three groups were formed based on participation frequency in 11 sports: (a) highly active (at least twice a week), (b) moderately active (2\u20104 times a month), and (c) inactive (maximum once a month). Cumulative odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COR<\/jats:styled-content>) and their 95% confidence intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) were obtained for each sport by ordinal logistic regression, adjusting for gender, body mass index, age, socioeconomic status, smoking, and other sports. Highly active participation in jogging\/running and swimming was associated with a higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content> sum score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COR<\/jats:styled-content>: 3.0; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.4\u20106.3 and 5.0; 1.7\u201015.2, respectively) compared to inactive participation, whereas highly active participation in skating showed low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COR<\/jats:styled-content>. In conclusion, running and swimming at least twice a week in early adulthood are potentially associated with lumbar <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>. Follow\u2010up studies with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> are needed to show whether frequent exposure to running or swimming has further effect on the integrity of lumbar intervertebral disks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]],"date-time":"2017-01-11T14:06:41Z","timestamp":1484143601000},"page":"1993-2001","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Association between adolescent sport activities and lumbar disk degeneration among young adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Takatalo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Center for Life Course Health Research University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Karppinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Center for Life Course Health Research University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Finnish Institute of Occupational Health  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"N\u00e4yh\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Taimela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Niinim\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Blanco Sequeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Tammelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Auvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Center for Life Course Health Research University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Tervonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000146457.83240.eb"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000157424.72598.ec"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01568"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182077122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200201150-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508323252"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513495173"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.37.3.263"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199104000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar629"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199710000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11321"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.037747"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-005-0032-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"757","article-title":"The incidence of disk changes in volleyball players. 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