{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T10:45:19Z","timestamp":1772102719777,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]],"date-time":"2017-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP16H03233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP16H03233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Passive muscle stiffness is considered to be a major factor affecting joint flexibility and is thought to relate to the occurrence of muscle strain injury. In skinned muscle fiber experiments, the R577X polymorphism of the \u03b1\u2010actinin\u20103 gene (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACTN<\/jats:styled-content>3<\/jats:italic>) has been associated with passive muscle stiffness. Our primary purpose was to clarify whether the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACTN<\/jats:styled-content>3<\/jats:italic> R577X polymorphism influences passive stiffness of human muscle in vivo. We also examined whether the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACTN<\/jats:styled-content>3<\/jats:italic> R577X polymorphism is associated with the occurrence of hamstring strain injury. Seventy\u2010six healthy young male subjects were genotyped for the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACTN<\/jats:styled-content>3<\/jats:italic> R577X (rs1815739) polymorphism. Shear modulus (an index of stiffness) of each hamstring muscle (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus) was assessed using ultrasound shear wave elastography, and history of hamstring strain injury was collected via a questionnaire. The muscle shear moduli of the semitendinosus and semimembranosus were significantly higher in R\u2010allele (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RX<\/jats:styled-content> genotype) carriers than in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XX<\/jats:styled-content> genotype carriers, whereas the shear modulus of the biceps femoris did not differ among the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACTN<\/jats:styled-content>3<\/jats:italic> R577X genotypes. Frequency of past hamstring strain injury also did not differ between the 3 genotypes nor between the R\u2010allele and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XX<\/jats:styled-content> genotype carriers. This study indicates that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RX<\/jats:styled-content> genotypes of the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACTN<\/jats:styled-content>3<\/jats:italic> R577X polymorphism (corresponding to the presence of \u03b1\u2010actinin\u20103 in type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> muscle fibers) are associated with increased passive muscle stiffness of the human hamstring in vivo. However, this altered mechanical property might not affect the risk of hamstring muscle strain injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,15]],"date-time":"2017-10-15T08:46:34Z","timestamp":1508057194000},"page":"1209-1214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Association analysis of the <i><scp>ACTN<\/scp>3<\/i> R577X polymorphism with passive muscle stiffness and muscle strain injury"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6023-7574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya  Kanoya Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Miyamoto\u2010Mikami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya  Kanoya 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