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Firstly, an overtraining model of Male Kunming mice was established by high\u2010intensity swimming exercise for 4\u00a0weeks. Then, a series of evaluation indicators, including the routine blood analysis, immune organ coefficient, digestive enzymes, and aquaporins expression levels of small intestine and colon tissue, histological examinations of liver, spleen, small intestine, and colon, were determined based on this model. Furthermore, 16S <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rRNA<\/jats:styled-content> gene sequencing was also employed to measure the microbial composition in gut. The results found that immune parameters, substance and energy metabolism of all mice was altered and disturbed after high\u2010intensity swimming for 4\u00a0weeks, led to an atrophy of thymus and spleen as well as abnormal structural changes in liver when compared to non\u2010swimming mice. Besides, excessive swimming mice had lower microbial diversity compared to non\u2010swimming mice. However, there was no significant difference in gut microbial taxa between the two groups. The data indicated that excessive exercise exhibits negative impacts on immunity, substance and energy metabolism as well as gut microbial diversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T13:56:43Z","timestamp":1516802203000},"page":"1541-1551","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Influence of excessive exercise on immunity, metabolism, and gut microbial diversity in an overtraining mice model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9142-1008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangdong 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