{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:06:31Z","timestamp":1789664791472,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012361","name":"Royal Society of Biology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stretching highly\u2010contracted plantar flexor muscles (isokinetic eccentric contractions) results in beneficial adaptations in muscle strain risk factors; however its effects in other muscle groups, and on architectural characteristics and exercise\u2010induced muscle damage (EIMD), are unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The influence of a 6\u2010week knee extensor training program was studied in 26 volunteers (13 control; 13 experimental). Before and after the training program, passive and maximal isometric and eccentric knee extensor moments and range of motion (ROM) were recorded on an isokinetic dynamometer with simultaneous ultrasound imaging of vastus lateralis (VL). On a separate day, EIMD markers (creatine kinase [CK], delayed onset muscle soreness [DOMS]) were measured before and 24\u00a0hours after a 20\u2010minute downhill run. The 6\u2010week training program was performed twice\u2010weekly where five sets of 12 stretches (3\u00a0seconds per stretch) were imposed on maximally contracted knee extensor muscles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant (<jats:italic>P\u00a0&lt;\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05) increases in eccentric (29.5%) and isometric (17.4%) moments, ROM (5.2\u00b0), stretch tolerance (55.4%), elastic energy storage (73.0%), VL thickness (7.8%), pennation angle (9.0%), and tendon stiffness (8.7%) occurred. No change (<jats:italic>P\u00a0&gt;\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05) in passive muscle\u2010tendon stiffness (\u22129.4%) or resting fascicle length (\u22120.7%) occurred. The downhill run resulted in substantial DOMS and significant increase in CK concentration before the training program (107.6%); however, DOMS was eliminated from the knee extensors and a significantly smaller increase in CK (\u221270.0%) occurred post\u2010training.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Positive adaptations in functional and physiological variables confirm that imposing stretch on maximally contracted muscle provides beneficial adaptations likely to mitigate EIMD and injury risk and enhance functional performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]],"date-time":"2018-06-26T09:47:35Z","timestamp":1530006455000},"page":"2299-2309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Stretch imposed on active muscle elicits positive adaptations in strain risk factors and exercise\u2010induced muscle damage"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0347-1046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony David","family":"Kay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences University of Northampton  Northamptonshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethanee","family":"Rubley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences University of Northampton  Northamptonshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Talbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences University of Northampton  Northamptonshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minas","family":"Mina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Outdoor and Exercise Science University of Derby  Derbyshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony William","family":"Baross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences University of Northampton  Northamptonshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony John","family":"Blazevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR) School of Exercise and Health Sciences Edith Cowan University  Joondalup WA, 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