{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:46:50Z","timestamp":1790376410089,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]],"date-time":"2018-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Different stance widths are commonly utilized when completing the barbell back squat during athletic general preparedness training. Width manipulation is thought to influence sagittal plane stimuli to the hip and knee extensors, the primary extensor musculature in the squat. However, how width manipulation affects frontal plane stimuli is less understood. Knowledge of hip and knee net joint moments (NJM) could improve exercise selection when aiming to improve sport\u2010specific performance and prevent injuries. Fourteen adult amateur rugby athletes were recruited for this study. After a familiarization period, participants performed wide\u2010 (WIDE, 1.5\u00d7 greater trochanter width) and narrow\u2010stance (NARROW, 1\u00d7 greater trochanter width) barbell back squats to femur parallel depth, using relative loads of 70% and 85% of one\u2010repetition maximum. Sagittal and frontal plane hip and knee kinetics and kinematics were compared between widths. A Bonferroni\u2010corrected alpha of 0.01 was employed as the threshold for statistical significance. Knee flexion angle was statistically greater in NARROW than WIDE (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001,<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02.56\u20102.86); no statistical differences were observed for hip flexion angle between conditions (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.049\u20100.109,<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.33\u20100.38). Hip\u2010to\u2010knee extension NJM ratios and knee adduction NJMs were statistically greater in WIDE than NARROW (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.007,<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.51\u20101.41). At femur parallel, stance width manipulation in the barbell back squat may provide substantial differences in biomechanical stimulus in both the sagittal plane and the frontal plane. In certain contexts, these differences may have clinically relevant longitudinal implications, from both a performance and a injury prevention standpoint, which are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T10:07:16Z","timestamp":1537351636000},"page":"44-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Effects of barbell back squat stance width on sagittal and frontal hip and knee kinetics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5406-7652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Lahti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3663-0288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e1s","family":"Hegyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Vigotsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha P.","family":"Ahtiainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/00126548-200706000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181bac2d7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1515\/humo-2016-0006","article-title":"Joint\u2010angle specific strength adaptations influence improvements in power in highly trained athletes","volume":"17","author":"Rhea M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Mov"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2642-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200106000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182577067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2016.1154978"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182084929"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/14093.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000583"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001655"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000337"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","volume-title":"Development and evaluation of methodology","author":"Kreamer W","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Spreadsheets for analysis of validity and reliability","volume":"19","author":"Hopkins WG","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sportscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00863"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","unstructured":"HopkinsWG.A scale of magnitudes for effect statistics. 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