{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:37:33Z","timestamp":1780411053230,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Body weight and fat are major performance variables in many sports. Extreme weight reduction can lead to severe medical problems. Accurate body composition measurements are fundamental for both medical and performance optimization. Relative body weight in terms of mass index (MI<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.53\u00a0M\/(<jats:italic>hs<\/jats:italic>)), and in terms of body mass index (BMI\u00a0=\u00a0M\/<jats:italic>h<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) were determined (<jats:italic>h<\/jats:italic>:stature, <jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic>:sitting height, M:body mass). Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was measured using a recently standardized ultrasound (US) method. US thickness sums from eight body sites were measured in 26 female and 35 male judokas of various weight classes. Comparisons of US and skinfold results indicate that the latter can be severely misleading in competitive judokas. Mean MI<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> of females was 22.8\u00a0kg\u00a0m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> (BMI:22.9\u00a0kg\u00a0m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>), males: 26.7\u00a0kg\u00a0m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> (BMI:26.5\u00a0kg\u00a0m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>), but individual differences MI<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010BMI were larger than 0.5\u00a0kg\u00a0m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> in 13 and larger than 1.0\u00a0kg\u00a0m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> in three cases. Medians of SAT thickness sums <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub> were three\u2010times higher in females (66.1\u00a0mm) than in males (21.8\u00a0mm), and the fat patterning differed significantly. Females had 8.6% (median) fibrous structures embedded in SAT, and males 20.2%. Both MI and BMI were not correlated with SAT. Mean pre\u2010competition weight loss was 4.3% (ie, 3.0\u00a0kg), and maximum was 9.2% (7.4\u00a0kg), indicating that modifications of weigh\u2010in procedures are urgently needed. D<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>\u2010values mirror the athletes' potential to reduce ballast fat instead of short\u2010term weight reduction by dehydration; however, weight loss and SAT measured some weeks before the competitions were not correlated. Further, US measurements and medical longitudinal observations are required for discussing the large individual variations and possible fat minimum demands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]],"date-time":"2019-07-02T14:43:36Z","timestamp":1562078616000},"page":"1774-1788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Body weight and subcutaneous fat patterning in elite judokas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Marietta","family":"Sengeis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics Medical University of Graz Graz Austria"},{"name":"Institute for Sports Medicine and Science High Performance Centre Austria Maria Enzersdorf Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7433-9926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfram","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics Medical University of Graz Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"St\u00f6rchle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics Medical University of Graz Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"F\u00fchrhapter\u2010Rieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics Medical University of Graz Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11597140-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092232"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.068775"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092966"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2016.09.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5418-1_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e318149f111"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Hyperthermia and dehydration\u2010related deaths associated with intentional rapid weight loss in three collegiate wrestlers\u2013North Carolina, Wisconsin, and Michigan, November\u2010December 1997","volume":"47","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"1998","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092561"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093502"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-923844"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(02)00066-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.05.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2017.1297489"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-7-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-9-52"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Organization (WHO). 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