{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T13:17:36Z","timestamp":1768483056155,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Our research aimed to study the prevalence, concerns, and treatment practices related to cauliflower ear among Finnish wrestlers and judokas. In total, 32 Finnish wrestlers and 31 judokas completed a questionnaire at training sessions or at a competition. All participants were adults competing at the national or international levels. We also took lateral digital photographs of participants\u2019 ears. A senior author graded the overall appearance of the auricles on a scale from 0 to 5 (0\u00a0=\u00a0normal auricle, 5\u00a0=\u00a0extreme cauliflower ear). Cauliflower ear was more prevalent among male athletes (84%, 46\/55) than female athletes (0%, 0\/8, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Almost all (96%) had sought treatment for an auricular hematoma. The most prevalent treatment modality was needle aspiration (96%). Most (76%) had received treatment from individuals not representing the healthcare profession. Only one athlete reported receiving successful treatment. No complications from treatment were reported. Almost all participants (96%) reported some symptom\u00a0from the cauliflower ear, typically pain.\u00a0None regretted their cauliflower ear(s), and 41% of athletes with cauliflower ear considered it desirable. Cauliflower ear is a common and symptomatic deformity among high\u2010level Finnish wrestlers and judokas. Despite the symptoms, it is accepted and sometimes even desired among the athletes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T02:40:46Z","timestamp":1564454446000},"page":"1952-1956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cauliflower ear among Finnish high\u2010level male wrestlers and judokas is prevalent and symptomatic deformity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4832-3442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iida\u2010Kaisa","family":"Manninen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8381-9174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Blomgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rauno","family":"Elokiuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KIHU \u2010 Research Institute for Olympic Sports Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8691-5142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mika","family":"Lehto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Lung Center Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5069-3851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura K","family":"M\u00e4kinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1178-5715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuomas","family":"Klockars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1989.01860300068019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Cauliflower ear and skin infections among wrestlers in Tehran","volume":"6","author":"Kordi R","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/bjps.1997.0033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/bjps.2002.3854"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02844317509022854"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.6(2)2015.25786"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"2339","article-title":"Initial management of auricular trauma","volume":"53","author":"Lee D","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"CD004166","article-title":"Interventions for acute auricular haematoma","author":"Jones SE","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"140","key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"A technique for the measurement of attitudes","volume":"22","author":"Likert R","year":"1932","journal-title":"Arch Psychol"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; 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