{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:29:18Z","timestamp":1790843358904,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,6]],"date-time":"2019-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000646","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16H00722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16H00722"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000646","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to the occurrence of concussion in rugby tacklers. Match video records showing tackles leading to concussion were used to identify injury\u2010inciting events. Additionally, noninjury tackles by concussed tacklers (prior to concussion) and position\u2010matched tacklers from the same matches were used as a control cohort. All tackles were coded according to the tackling characteristics. The odds ratio (OR) was reported by logistic regression. The results demonstrated that a side step of the ball\u2010carrier reduced the risk of concussion for tacklers (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.13 [95% CI, 0.03\u20100.58];\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.008). Conversely, the tackler's head\/neck contacting the ball\u2010carrier (OR\u00a0=\u00a018.62 [95% CI, 4.59\u201075.49];\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) and not remaining bound to the ball\u2010carrier since making initial contact (OR\u00a0=\u00a04.38 [95% CI, 1.69\u201011.34];\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.002) were identified as risk factors for the concussion of tacklers. These results suggest that avoidance movements of the ball\u2010carrier prior to tackling reduced the risk of concussion and that incorrect tackling techniques contributed to an increased occurrence of concussion. Furthermore, the probability of concussion for tacklers increased when their head was in front or to one side of the ball\u2010carrier, and the direction of the tackle also affected the risk of concussion, especially from the side. Therefore, it is important to emphasize the tackler's head position in conjunction with the direction of tackle.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T02:58:01Z","timestamp":1567911481000},"page":"185-192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Characteristics and factors of concussion events for tacklers in collegiate rugby union"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1762-2116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keita","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sports Medicine Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"},{"name":"Center of Humanities and Sciences Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Faculty of Health Sciences Tsukuba International University Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Iwai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Humanities and Sciences Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuo","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Sport Science University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Mukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Sport Science University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumpei","family":"Miyakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Sport Science University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4870-9257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Takemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Sport Science University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094978"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0854-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093381"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31816a1c9a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.041400"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","article-title":"Tackling concussion in professional rugby union: a case\u2010control study of tackle\u2010based risk factors and recommendations for primary prevention","volume":"1","author":"Cross MJ","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2015-000053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2018.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097883"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097895"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516677548"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7600\/jpfsm.8.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.033282"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000276"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"World Rugby Concussion Guidelines. 2014;http:\/\/playerwelfare.worldrugby.org\/?documentxml:id=158. Accessed 29 November 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.050864"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2014.905982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","volume-title":"Essential medical statistics","author":"Kirkwood BR","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001461"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1260\/1747-9541.6.3.419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Does ball carrier technique influence tackler head injury assessment risk in elite rugby union?","volume":"3","author":"Tierney GJ","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199214020-00002"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; Science in Sports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fsms.13553","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sms.13553","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/sms.13553","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sms.13553","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T12:45:47Z","timestamp":1694177147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/sms.13553"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,6]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/sms.13553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.13553","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-7188","1600-0838"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-7188","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0838","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-03-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}