{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T04:24:04Z","timestamp":1777004644844,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Restrictions on heading in youth football have been implemented in some countries to limit head impact exposure. However, current interventions remain poorly guided by evidence. Our objective was to quantify heading exposure in youth football, assessing the effects of sex and age. Football matches played during an international youth football tournament with no heading restrictions were directly observed, including players from both sexes (11\u201019\u00a0years). The elite senior level was included for comparison, using video analysis. All heading events were registered, classified, and assigned to individual players. Heading rates were calculated for each sex and age group. We observed a total of 267 matches, corresponding to 4011 player hours (1927 player hours for females, 2083 player hours for males). Males headed more frequently than females (2.7 vs 1.8 headers\/player hour; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Heading rates increased with age (ANOVA, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), approaching the elite senior level for players 16\u00a0years and older. There was substantial variation within teams for all age and sex groups, with the widest range (1\u201018 headers) observed for girls aged 19. Girls younger than 12\u00a0years had the lowest exposure, with an average of &lt;2 players per team heading the ball, each with 1\u20102 headers. In conclusion, age and sex influence head impact exposure in youth football, and warrants careful consideration when introducing injury prevention measures. Males are more frequently exposed than females, heading rates increase with age, and there is substantial variation between players. Heading is a rare event in the youngest age groups, especially among females.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T14:59:39Z","timestamp":1570201179000},"page":"193-198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Head impact exposure in youth football\u2014Are current interventions hitting the target?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9569-0686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stian Bahr","family":"Sandmo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Department of Sports Medicine Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thor Einar","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Department of Sports Medicine Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inga Katharina","family":"Koerte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy Ludwig\u2010Maximilian\u2010University Munich Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roald","family":"Bahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Department of Sports Medicine Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096276"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096593"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519826953"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073816634857"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182444d7d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3715"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-015-9442-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.13735"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13130545"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4960"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057364"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"U.S. Soccer official information.Implementation guidelines for U.S. soccer's player safety campaign: concussion initiatives & heading for youth players.http:\/\/www.nationalpremierleagues.com\/news-archive\/2015-16-news-archive\/implementation-guidelines-for-u-s-soccers-player-safety-campaign-concussion-initiatives-heading-for-youth-players. 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