{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:05:52Z","timestamp":1790888752904,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sled pushing is a commonly used form of resisted sprint training; however, little empirical evidence exists, especially in youth populations. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of unresisted and resisted sled pushing across multiple loads. Fifty high school athletes were assigned to an unresisted (n\u00a0=\u00a012), or 3 resisted groups; light (n\u00a0=\u00a014), moderate (n\u00a0=\u00a013), and heavy (n\u00a0=\u00a011) resistance that caused a 25%, 50%, and 75% velocity decrement in maximum sprint speed, respectively. All participants performed two sled\u2010push training sessions twice weekly for 8\u00a0weeks. Before and after the training intervention, the participants performed a series of jump, strength, and sprint testing to assess athletic performance. Split times between 5 and 20\u00a0m improved significantly across all resisted groups (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.34\u20101.16) but did not improve significantly with unresisted sprinting. For all resisted groups, gains were greatest over the first 5\u00a0m (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.67\u20100.84) and then diminished over each subsequent 5\u00a0m split (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.08\u20100.57). The magnitude of gains in split times was greatest within the heavy group. Small but non\u2010significant within\u2010group effects were found in pre to post force\u2010velocity profiles. There was a main effect of time but no interaction effects as all groups increased force and power, although the greatest increases were observed with the heavy load (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.50\u20100.51). The results of this study suggest that resisted sled pushing with any load was superior to unresisted sprint training and that heavy loads may elicit the greatest gains in sprint performance over short distances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T18:38:36Z","timestamp":1574188716000},"page":"442-449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Influence of resisted sled\u2010push training on the sprint force\u2010velocity profile of male high school athletes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8010-2901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miche\u00e1l J.","family":"Cahill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Athlete Training and Health Plano TX USA"},{"name":"Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7425-3148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon L.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Youth Physical Development Centre Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Cronin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth P.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Chester University West Chester PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt R.","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricit\u00e9 University Savoie Mont Blanc Chamb\u00e9ry France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhodri S.","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Youth Physical Development Centre Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"},{"name":"Centre for Sport Science and Human Performance Waikato Institute of Technology Hamilton New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2013.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.24.2.170"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Variation in responses to sprint training in male youth athletes: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"38","author":"Moran J","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001216"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2014.955125"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sports7050119"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0422-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0947-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000460"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2016.12.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18488\/journal.90\/2016.3.1\/90.1.1.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","article-title":"Sled\u2010push load\u2010velocity profiling and implications for sprint training prescription in young male athletes","author":"Cahill MJ","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195477"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.2012-0185"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3796-5"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Correlations between maximal strength tests at different squat depths and sprint performance in adolescent soccer players","volume":"2","author":"Keiner M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Amer J Sports Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200204000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410903311572"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000864"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Validity and reliability of a linear positional transducer across commonly practised resistance training exercises","volume":"37","author":"Dorrell H","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Sport Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12490"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2005.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181c64308"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000492"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095497"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0445"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; Science in Sports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sms.13600","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/sms.13600","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sms.13600","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:03:40Z","timestamp":1694131420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/sms.13600"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/sms.13600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.13600","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-7188","1600-0838"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-7188","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0838","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-06-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}