{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T09:44:29Z","timestamp":1790070269856,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The effects of 4\u00a0mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>caffeine ingestion on strength and power were investigated for the first time, in resistance\u2010trained females during the early follicular phase utilizing a randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled, crossover design. Fifteen females (29.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.0\u00a0years, 63.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.5\u00a0kg [mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD]) ingested caffeine or placebo 60\u00a0minutes before completing a test battery separated by 72\u00a0hours. One\u2010repetition maximum (1RM), repetitions to failure (RTF) at 60% of 1RM, was assessed in the squat and bench press. Maximal voluntary contraction torque (MVC) and rate of force development (RFD) were measured during isometric knee extensions, while utilizing interpolated twitch technique to measure voluntary muscle activation. Maximal power and jump height were assessed during countermovement jumps (CMJ). Caffeine metabolites were measured in plasma. Adverse effects were registered after each trial. Caffeine significantly improved squat (4.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.9%, effect size [ES]: 0.25) and bench press 1RM (3.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.4%, ES: 0.20), and squat (15.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017.9%, ES: 0.31) and bench press RTF (9.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013.6%, ES: 0.31), compared to placebo. MVC torque (4.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.3%, ES: 0.26), CMJ height (7.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.0%, ES: 0.50), and power (3.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.2%, ES: 0.24) were also significantly increased with caffeine. There were no differences in RFD or muscle activation. Plasma [caffeine] was significantly increased throughout the protocol, and mild side effects of caffeine were experienced by only 3 participants. This study demonstrated that 4\u00a0mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> caffeine ingestion enhanced maximal strength, power, and muscular endurance in resistance\u2010trained and caffeine\u2010habituated females during the early follicular phase, with few adverse effects. Female strength and power athletes may consider using this dose pre\u2010competition and \u2010training as an effective ergogenic aid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,18]],"date-time":"2020-07-18T08:15:12Z","timestamp":1595060112000},"page":"2116-2129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Caffeine increases strength and power performance in resistance\u2010trained females during early follicular phase"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Norum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology London Sport Institute Middlesex University London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4532-2129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linn Christin","family":"Risvang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology London Sport Institute Middlesex University London UK"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Technology, Art and Design Oslo Metropolitan University Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4010-8038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Bj\u00f8rnsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science and Physical Education Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Agder Kristiansand Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5093-558X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lygeri","family":"Dimitriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology London Sport Institute Middlesex University London UK"},{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences School of Science and Technology Middlesex University London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1341-3229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per Ola","family":"R\u00f8nning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Technology, Art and Design Oslo Metropolitan University Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Bj\u00f8rgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Health Faculty of Health Sciences Oslo Metropolitan University Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2567-3004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Truls","family":"Raastad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Performance Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/h11-052"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01101-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2017.1394371"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-018-0216-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100278"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181cabbd8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2016.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00002.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071600"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00548769"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0161m.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02285099"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"CC11","article-title":"Assessment of musculoskeletal strength and levels of fatigue during different phases of menstrual cycle in young adults","volume":"11","author":"Pallavi L","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res JCDR"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-016-0157-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1550048"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3920\/CEP150010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112662"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20020360"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(85)90058-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01041.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/H08-121"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000625"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2005.00445.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-82502016000400012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000513"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-7-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0557-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081912"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1403-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Validity of the Brunel mood scale for use with Malaysian athletes","volume":"11","author":"Lan MF","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.84.1.344"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.3900"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1993.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","first-page":"918","article-title":"Determining the magnitude of treatment effects in strength training research through the use of the effect size","volume":"18","author":"Rhea MR","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00260.2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","first-page":"249","article-title":"Performance of muscle strength and fatigue tolerance in young trained women supplemented with caffeine","volume":"58","author":"Fett CA","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00937.2004"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","first-page":"520","article-title":"The effect of stimulus anticipation on the interpolated twitch technique","volume":"7","author":"Button DC","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Metrological characteristics of different early isometric rate of force development characteristics of leg extensors","volume":"1","author":"Milivoj D","year":"2017","journal-title":"MOJ Sports Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP277396"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318201bddb"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use","volume":"51","author":"Fredholm BB","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01278-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01279-8"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; Science in Sports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fsms.13776","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sms.13776","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/sms.13776","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/sms.13776","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T14:53:54Z","timestamp":1693839234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/sms.13776"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/sms.13776"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.13776","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-7188","1600-0838"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-7188","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0838","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-12-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}