{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:19:48Z","timestamp":1787015988462,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Runners commonly utilize cryotherapy as part of their recovery strategy. Cryotherapy has been ineffective in mitigating signs and symptoms of muscle damage following marathon running and is limited by its duration of application. Phase change material (PCM) packs can prolong the duration of cooling. This study aimed to test the efficacy of prolonging the duration of cooling using PCM on perceptual recovery, neuromuscular function, and blood markers following a marathon run. Thirty participants completed a marathon run and were randomized to receive three hours of 15\u00b0C PCM treatment covering the quadriceps or recover without an intervention (control). Quadriceps soreness, strength, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, creatine kinase (CK), and high sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein (hsCRP) were recorded at baseline, 24, 48, and 72\u00a0hours after the marathon. Following the marathon, strength decreased in both groups (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001), with no difference between groups. Compared to baseline, strength was reduced 24 (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.004) and 48\u00a0hours after the marathon (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.008) in the control group, but only 24\u00a0hours (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.028) in the PCM group. Soreness increased (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001) and CMJ height decreased (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001) in both groups, with no difference between groups. Compared to baseline, CMJ height was not reduced on any days in the PCM group but was reduced in the control group 24 (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001) and 48\u00a0hours (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.003) after the marathon. CK and hsCRP increased in both groups (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). Although the marathon run induced significant muscle damage, prolonging the duration of cooling using PCM did not accelerate the resolution of any dependent variables.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T18:12:44Z","timestamp":1600279964000},"page":"21-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prolonging the duration of cooling does not enhance recovery following a marathon"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6683-8127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan Y.","family":"Kwiecien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma Lenox Hill Hospital New York NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise &amp; Rehabilitation Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8371-8151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malachy P.","family":"McHugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma Lenox Hill Hospital New York NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise &amp; Rehabilitation Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5057-9191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsty M.","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise &amp; Rehabilitation Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1572-9211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen M.","family":"Keane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise &amp; Rehabilitation Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8494-2043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glyn","family":"Howatson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise &amp; Rehabilitation Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"Water Research Group North West University Potchefstroom South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","article-title":"Recovery of inflammation, cardiac, and muscle damage biomarkers after running a marathon","volume":"29","author":"Bernat\u2010Adell MD","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Strength Cond 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