{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:18:26Z","timestamp":1790803106824,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Our purpose was to analyze the effects of 4\u00a0weeks of visual gait biofeedback (GBF) and impairment\u2010based rehabilitation on gait biomechanics and patient\u2010reported outcomes (PROs) in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Twenty\u2010seven individuals with CAI participated in this randomized controlled trial (14 received no biofeedback (NBF), 13 received GBF). Both groups received 8 sessions of impairment\u2010based rehabilitation. The GBF group received visual biofeedback to reduce ankle frontal plane angle at initial contact (IC) during treadmill walking. The NBF group walked for equal time during rehabilitation but without biofeedback. Dependent variables included three\u2010dimensional kinematics and kinetics at the ankle, knee, and hip, electromyography amplitudes of 4 lower extremity muscles (tibialis anterior, fibularis longus, medial gastrocnemius, and gluteus medius), and PROs (Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Activities of Daily Living (FAAM\u2010ADL), FAAM\u2010Sport, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), and Global Rating of Change (GROC)). The GBF group significantly decreased ankle inversion at IC (MD:\u20107.3\u00ba, <jats:italic>g\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>1.6) and throughout the entire stride cycle (peak inversion: MD:\u20105.9\u00ba, <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.2). The NBF group did not have significantly altered gait biomechanics. The groups were significantly different after rehabilitation for the FAAM\u2010ADL (GBF: 97.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.3%, NBF: 92.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.7%), TSK (GBF: 29.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.7, NBF: 34.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.8), and GROC (GBF: 5.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.0, NBF:3.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.0) with the GBF group showing greater improvements than the NBF group. There were no significant differences between groups for kinetics or electromyography measures. The GBF group successfully decreased ankle inversion angle and had greater improvements in PROs after intervention compared to the NBF group. Impairment\u2010based rehabilitation combined with visual biofeedback during gait training is recommended for individuals with CAI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T02:20:26Z","timestamp":1600309226000},"page":"193-204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Gait biofeedback and impairment\u2010based rehabilitation for chronic ankle instability"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2569-9052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Koldenhoven","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Performance Texas State University  San Marcos TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Kinesiology University of Virginia  Charlottesville VA 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