{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:12:15Z","timestamp":1789179135063,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of short\u2010term high\u2010frequency failure vs non\u2010failure blood flow\u2013restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE) on changes in satellite cells (SCs), myonuclei, muscle size, and strength. Seventeen untrained men performed four sets of BFRRE to failure (Failure) with one leg and not to failure (Non\u2010failure; 30\u201015\u201015\u201015 repetitions) with the other leg using knee\u2010extensions at 20% of one repetition maximum (1RM). Fourteen sessions were distributed over two 5\u2010day blocks, separated by a 10\u2010day rest period. Muscle samples obtained before, at mid\u2010training, and 10\u2010day post\u2010intervention (Post10) were analyzed for muscle fiber area (MFA), myonuclei, and SC. Muscle size and echo intensity of <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>rectus femoris<\/jats:italic> (RF) and <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>vastus lateralis<\/jats:italic> (VL) were measured by ultrasonography, and knee extension strength with 1RM and maximal isometric contraction (MVC) up until Post24. Both protocols increased myonuclear numbers in type\u20101 (12%\u201317%) and type\u20102 fibers (20%\u201323%), and SC in type\u20101 (92%\u2013134%) and type\u20102 fibers (23%\u201348%) at Post10 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). RF and VL size increased by 5%\u201310% in both legs at Post10 to Post24, whereas the MFA of type\u20101 fibers in Failure was decreased at Post10 (\u221210\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). Echo intensity increased by ~20% in both legs during Block1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and was ~8 to 11% below baseline at Post24 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001\u20130.002). MVC and 1RM decreased by 5%\u201310% after Block1, but increased in both legs by 6%\u201311% at Post24 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). In conclusion, both short\u2010term high\u2010frequency failure and non\u2010failure BFRRE induced increases in SCs, in myonuclei content, muscle size, and strength, concomitant with decreased echo intensity. Intriguingly, the responses were delayed and peaked 10\u201324\u00a0days after the training intervention. Our findings may shed light on the mechanisms involved in resistance exercise\u2010induced overreaching and supercompensation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T16:00:50Z","timestamp":1616083250000},"page":"1420-1439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Frequent blood flow restricted training not to failure and to failure induces similar gains in myonuclei and muscle mass"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4010-8038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Bj\u00f8rnsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science and Physical Education Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Agder  Kristiansand Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Olympic Federation  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Wernbom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health and Performance Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science University of Gothenburg  G\u00f6teborg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Health and Rehabilitation Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  G\u00f6teborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f8ran","family":"Paulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Olympic Federation  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Physical Performance Norwegian School of Sport Sciences  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sveinung","family":"Berntsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science and Physical Education Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Agder  Kristiansand Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Brankovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science and Physical Education Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Agder  Kristiansand Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e5kon","family":"St\u00e5lesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science and Physical Education Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Agder  Kristiansand Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joakim","family":"Sundnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science and Physical Education Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Agder  Kristiansand Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Truls","family":"Raastad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health and Performance Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science University of Gothenburg  G\u00f6teborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2008.00788.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13632"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001775"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00397.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-015-3304-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13346"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.237008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181c06d25"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2005.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-015-3243-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2008.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31829bd7c5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201500198R"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/1210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00363"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"Seniam Sensor Locations.http:\/\/seniam.org\/sensor_location.htm. 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