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In a counterbalanced design, 15 male amateur runners (22.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.5\u00a0y; VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> max in heat 42.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.4\u00a0mLO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/kg\/min) completed two 5\u2010km time trials performed in the heat (35\u00b0C, 50% relative humidity). In one trial (HCOOL), participants underwent 20\u00a0min of head cooling in a temperate environment (23\u00b0C, 70% relative humidity) prior to exercise. In another trial (CON), exercise was preceded by 20\u00a0min of rest under the same temperature conditions. Exercise time was shorter in HCOOL (25\u00a0min and 36\u00a0s\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03\u00a0min) compared to CON (27\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03\u00a0min; <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.02). Rectal temperature was reduced during the pre\u2010exercise intervention in HCOOL (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001), but not in CON (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.55). Relative changes in rectal temperature and mean head temperature were lower throughout HCOOL when compared with CON condition (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.005 and <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.022, respectively). Mean skin temperature, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion did not differ between HCOOL and CON conditions throughout exercise (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.20, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.52 and 0.31, respectively). Thermal comfort was lower in HCOOL condition in pre\u2010exercise (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.014) with no differences observed throughout exercise (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.61). 5\u2010km running performance in a hot environment was improved after a 20\u2010min head cooling intervention, suggesting that this method may be practical as pre\u2010cooling strategy and easily administered to both professional and amateur runners alike.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]],"date-time":"2021-05-08T19:07:26Z","timestamp":1620500846000},"page":"1753-1763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Head pre\u2010cooling improves 5\u2010km time\u2010trial performance in male amateur runners in the heat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8007-8275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo G. 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