{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:49:20Z","timestamp":1790228960968,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>International outdoor athletics championships are typically hosted during the summer season, frequently in hot and humid climatic conditions. Therefore, we analyzed the association between apparent temperature and heat\u2010related illnesses occurrence during international outdoor athletics championships and compared its incidence rates between athletics disciplines. Heat\u2010related illnesses were selected from illness data prospectively collected at seven international outdoor athletics championships between 2009 and 2018 using a standardized methodology. The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was calculated as a measure of the apparent temperature based on weather data for each day of the championships. Heat\u2010related illness numbers and (daily) incidence rates were calculated and analyzed in relation to the daily maximum UTCI temperature and between disciplines. During 50 championships days with UTCI temperatures between 15\u2103 and 37\u2103, 132\u00a0heat\u2010related illnesses were recorded. Average incidence rate of heat\u2010related illnesses was 11.7 (95%CI 9.7 to 13.7) per 1000 registered athletes. The expected daily incidence rate of heat\u2010related illnesses increased significantly with UTCI temperature (0.12\u00a0more illnesses per 1000 registered athletes\/\u00b0C; 95%CI 0.08\u20130.16) and was found to double from 25 to 35\u00b0C UTCI. Race walkers (RR\u00a0=\u00a045.5, 95%CI 21.6\u201396.0) and marathon runners (RR\u00a0=\u00a047.7, 95%CI 23.0\u201398.8) had higher heat\u2010related illness rates than athletes competing in short\u2010duration disciplines. Higher UTCI temperatures were associated with more heat\u2010related illnesses, with marathon and race walking athletes having higher risk than athletes competing in short\u2010duration disciplines. Heat\u2010related illness prevention strategies should predominantly focus on marathon and race walking events of outdoor athletics championships when high temperatures are forecast.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T13:46:55Z","timestamp":1627825615000},"page":"2092-2102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Apparent temperature and heat\u2010related illnesses during international athletic championships: A prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5682-9665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karsten","family":"Hollander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine MSH Medical School Hamburg Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3920-4356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milan","family":"Kl\u00f6wer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cellular Medicine Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8788-8027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mines Saint\u2010\u00c9tienne Saint\u2010Etienne France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0348-4744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Racinais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Scientific Support Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0074-3624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volker","family":"Scheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ultra Sports Science Foundation Pierre\u2010B\u00e9nite France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knowledge Translation Team, Sport and Exercise University of Edinburgh Edinburgh Scotland"},{"name":"Public Health and Medical Team Fife UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Athletics Medical &amp; Anti\u2010Doping Commission European Athletics Association (EAA) Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6049-5402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toomas","family":"Timpka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletics Research Center Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6815-9793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astrid","family":"Junge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine MSH Medical School Hamburg Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Swiss Concussion Center Schulthess Klinik Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1969-3612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"Edouard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Athletics Medical &amp; 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