{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:16:55Z","timestamp":1790435815213,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]],"date-time":"2021-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Recurrent contact and concussion in rugby union remains a significant public health concern given the potential increased risk of neurodegeneration in later life. This study determined to what extent prior\u2010recurrent contact impacts molecular\u2010hemodynamic biomarkers underpinning cognition in current professional rugby union players with a history of concussion. Measurements were performed in 20 professional rugby union players with an average of 16 (interquartile range [IQR] 13\u201319) years playing history reporting 3 (IQR 1\u20134) concussions. They were compared to 17 sex\u2010age\u2010physical activity\u2010and education\u2010matched non\u2010contact controls with no prior history of self\u2010reported concussion. Venous blood was assayed directly for the ascorbate free radical (A\n                    <jats:sup>\u2022\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy) nitric oxide metabolites (NO reductive ozone\u2010based chemiluminescence) and select biomarkers of neurovascular unit integrity (NVU chemiluminescence\/ELISA). Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAv doppler ultrasound) was employed to determine basal perfusion and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to hyper\/hypocapnia (\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/sms14046-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:09057188:media:sms14046:sms14046-math-0001\"\/>\n                    ). Cognition was assessed by neuropsychometric testing. Elevated systemic oxidative\u2010nitrosative stress was confirmed in the players through increased A\n                    <jats:sup>\u2022\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and suppression of NO bioavailability (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). This was accompanied by a lower CVR range (\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/sms14046-math-0002.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:09057188:media:sms14046:sms14046-math-0002\"\/>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.045) elevation in neurofilament light\u2010chain (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.010) and frontotemporal impairments in immediate\u2010memory (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.001) delayed\u2010recall (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.048) and fine\u2010motor coordination (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Accelerated cognitive decline subsequent to prior\u2010recurrent contact and concussion history is associated with a free radical\u2010mediated suppression of CVR and neuronal injury providing important mechanistic insight that may help better inform clinical management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T14:44:55Z","timestamp":1630939495000},"page":"2291-2299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Concussion history in rugby union players is associated with depressed cerebrovascular reactivity and cognition"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0097-0616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas S.","family":"Owens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Research Laboratory Faculty of Life Sciences and Education University of South Wales Pontypridd UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Calverley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Research Laboratory Faculty of Life Sciences and Education University of South Wales Pontypridd UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1005-7038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin S.","family":"Stacey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Research Laboratory Faculty of Life Sciences and Education University of South Wales Pontypridd UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9598-6372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Research Laboratory Faculty of Life Sciences and Education University of South Wales Pontypridd UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1515-0672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lewis","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science University of South Wales Pontypridd UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5512-0497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayato","family":"Tsukamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Research Laboratory Faculty of Life Sciences and Education University of South Wales Pontypridd UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University Shiga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Research Laboratory Faculty of Life Sciences and Education University of South Wales Pontypridd UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Corkill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital of Wales Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5866-9530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edouard","family":"Tuaillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases University of Montpellier INSERM Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7313-0629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Hirtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Montpellier CHU of Montpellier INSERM Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6117-562X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvain","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Montpellier CHU of Montpellier INSERM Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9124-0226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Marchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Glia Research Department of Neuroscience Institute of Functional Genomics University of Montpellier Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6757-6448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Marley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Research Laboratory Faculty of Life Sciences and Education University of South Wales 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