{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:43:52Z","timestamp":1790711032041,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Measurements of muscle\u2010tendon unit passive mechanical properties are often used to illustrate acute and chronic responses to a training stimulus. The purpose of this study was to quantify the inter\u2010session repeatability of triceps surae passive stiffness measurements in athletic and non\u2010athletic populations, with the view to discussing its usefulness both as a muscle\u2010tendon profiling tool and a control measure for studies with multiple data collection sessions. The study also aimed to observe the effects of quiet standing on passive stiffness parameters. Twenty\u2010nine men (10 cyclists, nine triathletes, 10 controls) visited the laboratory on three separate occasions, where passive stiffness tests were carried out using an isokinetic dynamometer and B\u2010mode ultrasound. Participants were fully rested on two of the sessions and subjected to 20\u00a0min of quiet standing in the other. The passive stiffness assessment generally showed only moderate inter\u2010session repeatability but was still able to detect inter\u2010group differences, with triathletes showing higher passive stiffness than cyclists (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Furthermore, quiet standing impacted passive stiffness by causing a reduction in ankle joint range of motion, although mechanical resistance to stretch in the muscle\u2010tendon unit at a given joint angle was relatively unaffected. These findings show that passive stiffness assessment is appropriate for detecting inter\u2010group differences in the triceps surae and even the effects of a low\u2010intensity task such as quiet standing, despite showing some inter\u2010session variation. However, the inter\u2010session variation suggests that passive stiffness testing might not be suitable as a control measure when testing participants on multiple sessions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T00:52:38Z","timestamp":1633481558000},"page":"83-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Repeatability and sensitivity of passive mechanical stiffness measurements in the triceps surae muscle\u2010tendon complex"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8507-7706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josh","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie School of Sport Leeds Beckett University Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7858-9623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanassios","family":"Bissas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport and Exercise University of Gloucestershire Cheltenham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0390-3216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barney","family":"Wainwright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie School of Sport Leeds Beckett University Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7940-1904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Hanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie School of Sport Leeds Beckett University Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5332-1188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil J.","family":"Cronin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport and Exercise University of Gloucestershire Cheltenham UK"},{"name":"Neuromuscular Research Centre Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2006.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13207"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200103000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.140434"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00171.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-971923"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Strength and Power in Sport","author":"Hutton R","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.4.1283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.jes.0000240023.30373.eb"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.025049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.062398"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.073437"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.941bj.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12957"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2015-0198"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"The effects of sex, joint angle, and the gastrocnemius muscle on passive ankle joint complex stiffness","volume":"36","author":"Riemann BL","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"1565","article-title":"The effect of training load on neuromuscular performance, muscle soreness and wellness during an in\u2010season non\u2010competitive week in elite rugby athletes","volume":"58","author":"Tavares F","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fit"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199111000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"373","volume-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. 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