{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:42:26Z","timestamp":1789756946602,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in 24\u2010h heart rate variability and aerobic fitness, and their associations, in female soccer players during the preseason period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixteen players were assessed (24\u2010h HRV and Yo\u2010Yo Intermittent Recovery Test, level 1 [YYIR1]) before and after 4\u00a0weeks of preseason. The relationship between R\u2010R24h length and high\u2010frequency oscillations (HF24h) was analyzed by a quadratic regression model (revealing or not saturation of vagal activity) assessed 48\u2010h before (PRE\u2010preseason) and 48\u2010h after (POST\u2010preseason) the preseason period. Additionally, the mean HF24h was calculated from the linear portion of the R\u2013R interval versus the HF24h regression curve (HF index). The average of the corresponding R\u2010R24h values was defined as the R\u2013R index.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In PRE\u2010preseason, seven players had a saturated HF24h, while in POST\u2010preseason, five new cases of saturated HF24h were observed. The mean R\u2010R24h, HF24h, R\u2010R index, and HF index lengths significantly increased after preseason (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001). Significant differences were found in YYIR1 PRE\u2010 compared with POST\u2010preseason (930\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0286\u00a0m [individual range: 400\u20131240\u00a0m] versus 1265\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0252\u00a0m [640\u20131640\u00a0m], respectively; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Additionally, the relative changes in HF24h and HF index were largely correlated with improvements in the distance covered during the YYIR1 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.68 and <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.56; respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Enhanced vagal activity after 4\u2010week preseason period of soccer training increased the occurrence of vagal saturation in high\u2010level female soccer players. Additionally, the increases in HF24h and HF index were significantly correlated with aerobic fitness change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,19]],"date-time":"2021-12-19T18:44:02Z","timestamp":1639939442000},"page":"140-149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Associations between 24\u2010h heart rate variability and aerobic fitness in high\u2010level female soccer players"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8225-8667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falio A.","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport Faculty of Sport University of Porto CIFI<sup>2<\/sup>D  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Portugal Football School Portuguese Football Federation FPF  Oeiras Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1301-1078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portugal Football School Portuguese Football Federation FPF  Oeiras Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5336-3652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio Y.","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD) University of Maia (ISMAI)  Maia Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4736-5221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lder","family":"Dores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOVA Medical School  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9105-7421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Rebelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport Faculty of Sport University of Porto CIFI<sup>2<\/sup>D  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-924146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001514"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000018124.01299.AE"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"535","article-title":"Ultra\u2010short\u2010term heart rate variability indexes at rest and post\u2010exercise in athletes: evaluating the agreement with accepted recommendations","volume":"13","author":"Esco MR","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2281.2001.00337.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00433.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-005-0130-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00490.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.35.4.880"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2019.1601666"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118308"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2009.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31828d61a8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.11.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000170062.73981.94"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.3.3.320"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"ParakJ KorhonenI.Accuracy of Firstbeat BodyGuard 2 beat\u2010to\u2010beat heart rate monitor. 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