{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T14:48:12Z","timestamp":1782485292379,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012264","name":"Norges Idrettsh\u00f8gskole","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012264","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian Med Sci Sports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>A typical football match leads to neuromuscular fatigue and physical performance impairments up to 72\u201396\u00a0h post\u2010match. While muscle damage is thought to be a major factor, damage on the ultrastructural level has never been documented. The purpose of this study was to investigate post\u2010match cellular muscle damage by quantifying the heat shock protein (HSP) response as a proxy for protein damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Muscle biopsies, blood samples, countermovement jumps, and perception of muscle soreness were obtained from twelve semi\u2010professional football players 1, 24, 48, and 72\u00a0h after a 90\u2010min football match. Muscle biopsies were analyzed for \u03b1B\u2010crystallin and HSP70 in the cytosolic and cytoskeletal sub\u2010cellular fractions by Western blotting. Fiber type\u2010specific \u03b1B\u2010crystallin and HSP70\u00a0staining intensity, and tenascin\u2010C immunoreactivity were analyzed with immunohistochemistry. Blood samples were analyzed for creatine kinase and myoglobin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within 24\u00a0h post\u2010match, a 2.7\u2010 and 9.9\u2010fold increase in creatine kinase and myoglobin were observed, countermovement jump performance decreased by \u22129.7% and muscle soreness increased by 0.68 units. \u03b1B\u2010crystallin and HSP70 accumulated in cytoskeletal structures evident by a 3.6\u2010 and 1.8\u2010fold increase in the cytoskeletal fraction and a parallel decrease in the cytosolic fraction. In type I and II fibers, \u03b1B\u2010crystallin staining intensity increased by 15%\u201341% and remained elevated at 72\u00a0h post\u2010match. Lastly, the percentage of fibers with granular staining of \u03b1B\u2010crystallin increased 2.2\u2010fold.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Football match play induced a muscular HSP stress response 1\u201372\u00a0h post\u2010match. Specifically, the accumulation of HSPs in cytoskeletal structures and the granular staining of \u03b1B\u2010crystallin suggests occurrence of ultrastructural damage. The damage, indicated by the HSP response, might be one reason for the typically 72\u00a0h decrease in force\u2010generating capacity after football matches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T10:08:40Z","timestamp":1646474920000},"page":"984-996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Muscular heat shock protein response and muscle damage after semi\u2010professional football match"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3705-4435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e5vard","family":"Wiig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Performance Norwegian School of Sport Sciences  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristoffer T.","family":"Cumming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Performance Norwegian School of Sport Sciences  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vilde","family":"Handegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Performance Norwegian School of Sport Sciences  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jostein","family":"Stabell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Performance Norwegian School of Sport Sciences  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Performance Norwegian School of Sport Sciences  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sport &amp; 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