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This study aims to evaluate back\u2010to\u2010snow impact conditions and the associated back injury mechanisms in typical snowboarding backward falls. A previously validated snowboarder multi\u2010body model was first used to evaluate the impact zones on the back and the corresponding impact velocities in a total of 324 snowboarding backward falls. The biomechanical responses during back\u2010to\u2010snow impacts were then evaluated by applying the back\u2010to\u2010snow impact velocity to a full human body finite element model to fall on the snow ground of three levels of stiffness (soft, hard, and icy snow). The mean values of back\u2010to\u2010snow normal and tangential impact velocities were 2.4\u00a0m\/s and 7.3\u00a0m\/s with maximum values up to 4.8\u00a0m\/s and 18.5\u00a0m\/s. The lower spine had the highest normal impact velocity during snowboarding backward falls. The thoracic spine was found more likely to exceed the limits of flexion\u2010extension range of motions than the lumbar spine during back\u2010to\u2010snow impacts, indicating a higher injury risk. On the hard and icy snow, rib cage and vertebral fractures were predicted at the costal cartilage and the posterior elements of the vertebrae. Despite the possible back injuries, the back\u2010to\u2010snow impact force was always lower than the force thresholds of the current BPD testing standard. The current work provides additional biomechanical knowledge for the future design of back protections for snowboarders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T15:13:45Z","timestamp":1667488425000},"page":"224-234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Biomechanical evaluation of Back injuries during typical snowboarding backward falls"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LBA UMRT24 Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9\/Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel  Marseille France"},{"name":"iLab\u2010Spine \u2010 Laboratoire International en Imagerie et Biom\u00e9canique du Rachis  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgane","family":"Evin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LBA UMRT24 Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9\/Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel  Marseille France"},{"name":"iLab\u2010Spine \u2010 Laboratoire International en Imagerie et Biom\u00e9canique du Rachis  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Bailly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LBA UMRT24 Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9\/Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel  Marseille France"},{"name":"iLab\u2010Spine \u2010 Laboratoire International en Imagerie et Biom\u00e9canique du Rachis  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre\u2010Jean","family":"Arnoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LBA UMRT24 Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9\/Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel  Marseille France"},{"name":"iLab\u2010Spine \u2010 Laboratoire International en Imagerie et Biom\u00e9canique du Rachis  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Statista.Hamburg (DE): Statista.https:\/\/www.statista.com.2020 n.d. 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