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Young healthy sedentary men were pseudo\u2010randomly assigned to IM or control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012\/group). Non\u2010dominant arms of the IM group participants were immobilized at 90\u00b0 elbow flexion by a cast for 21\u2009days. All participants performed MaxEC consisting of five sets of six elbow flexor contractions by lowering a dumbbell set at 100% of pre\u2010exercise maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) strength of the non\u2010dominant arm. This was performed at 2\u2009days after the cast removal for the IM group. MVC torque, range of motion (ROM), muscle thickness (MT), muscle hardness, position sense (PS), and joint reaction angle (JRA) of the elbow flexors were measured at baseline, post\u2010immobilization, and before, immediately after, and one to 5\u2009days after MaxEC. The IM decreased MVC torque (\u221217\u2009\u00b1\u20092%), ROM (\u22122\u2009\u00b1\u20091%), MT (\u22127\u2009\u00b1\u20093%), and JRA (\u221212\u2009\u00b1\u20096%), and increased in muscle hardness (20\u2009\u00b1\u20096%) and PS (11\u2009\u00b1\u20092%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Changes in MVC (e.g., 2\u2009days: \u221240\u00a0\u00b1\u20095 vs. \u221230\u2009\u00b1\u20099%), ROM (2\u2009days: \u221211\u2009\u00b1\u20092 vs. \u22129\u2009\u00b1\u20093%), muscle soreness (peak: 63\u2009\u00b1\u200922 vs. 48\u2009\u00b1\u200914\u2009mm), plasma CK activity (peak: 7820\u2009\u00b1\u20094011 vs. 4980\u2009\u00b1\u20091363\u2009IU\/L), PS (maximal change: \u221223\u2009\u00b1\u20092 vs. \u221218\u2009\u00b1\u20093%), and JRA (maximal change: \u221237\u2009\u00b1\u20094 vs. \u221226\u2009\u00b1\u20093%) after MaxEC were greater (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) for the IM than control group. These results supported the hypothesis and showed that the IM made the muscles more vulnerable to muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T19:49:26Z","timestamp":1669405766000},"page":"382-392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Muscle damage induced by maximal eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors after 3\u2010week immobilization"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8769-1833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trevor Chung\u2010Ching","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences National Taiwan Normal University  Taipei 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Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin\u2010Lian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Health and Recreation National Chiayi University  Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai\u2010Ying","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Athletic Performance National Taiwan Normal University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung\u2010Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences National Taiwan Normal University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wing Yin","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan University  Joondalup WA 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