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Whilst exercise training reduces total intrahepatic lipid in people with NAFLD, accumulating evidence indicates that exercise may also modulate hepatic lipid composition. This metabolic influence is important as the profile of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) dramatically affect the metabolic consequences of hepatic lipid accumulation; with SFA being especially lipotoxic. Relatedly, obesity and NAFLD are associated with hepatic PUFA depletion and elevated SFA. This review summarizes the acute (single bout) and chronic (exercise training) effects of exercise on hepatic lipid composition in rodents (acute studies: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03, chronic studies: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a013) and humans (acute studies: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01, chronic studies: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03). An increased proportion of hepatic PUFA after acute and chronic exercise is the most consistent finding of this review. Mechanistically, this may relate to an enhanced uptake of adipose\u2010derived PUFA (reflecting habitual diet), particularly in rodents. A relative decrease in the proportion of hepatic MUFA after chronic exercise is also documented repeatedly, particularly in rodent models with elevated hepatic MUFA. This outcome is related to decreased hepatic stearoyl\u2010CoA desaturase\u20101 activity in some studies. Findings regarding hepatic SFA are less consistent and limited by the absence of metabolic challenge in rodent models. These findings require confirmation in well\u2010controlled interventions in people with NAFLD. These studies will be facilitated by recently validated magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques, able to precisely quantify hepatic lipid composition in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]],"date-time":"2023-01-07T06:25:34Z","timestamp":1673072734000},"page":"550-568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The effect of acute and chronic exercise on hepatic lipid composition"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Willis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University  Loughborough UK"},{"name":"NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester  Leicester 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