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Objectively\u2010measured physical fitness (muscular fitness) was obtained by handgrip strength and standing long jump tests for the upper and lower body, respectively. Self\u2010perceived physical fitness was obtained by the International Fitness Scale (IFIS). Positive and negative affect were assessed by the positive affect schedule for children (PANAS\u2010C), happiness by Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), optimism by Life Orientation Test\u2010Revised (LOT\u2010R), self\u2010esteem by the Rosenberg Self\u2010Esteem Scale (RSE), anxiety by State\u2013Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC\u2010R), and depression by Children Depression Inventory (CDI). Multiple linear regressions adjusted by key covariates were performed to analyze associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No associations were found between objectively\u2010measured muscular fitness and any of the psychological well\u2010being and distress indicators (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Self\u2010perceived overall fitness and flexibility were positively associated with positive affect (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u20090.258, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Self\u2010perceived cardiorespiratory fitness, speed\/agility, and flexibility were negatively associated with depression (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u2009\u22120.222, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Finally, self\u2010perceived cardiorespiratory fitness was also negatively associated with anxiety and negative affect (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u2009\u22120.264, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Perceived physical fitness, but not objectively physical fitness, seems to be inversely related to psychological distress variables and to less extent positively related to psychological well\u2010being. The findings from this study highlight the importance of promoting self\u2010perceived fitness in the pediatric oncology population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T07:44:41Z","timestamp":1677483881000},"page":"1157-1167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Is higher physical fitness associated with better psychological health in young pediatric cancer survivors? A\u00a0cross\u2010sectional study from the i<scp>B<\/scp>one<scp>FIT<\/scp> project"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7125-4970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Rodriguez\u2010Solana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS) University of Granada  Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4020-0256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Gracia\u2010Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS) University of Granada  Granada Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada  Granada Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en 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